This paper studies how the Indian business class, which from being among the most advanced in the world, was crushed in the colonial period and how in the colonial period itself, it made major attempts to fight back and re-establish itself. This it did by aligning with the Indian national movement and evolving a critique of imperialism. It also discusses how the business class positioned itself politically and ideologically in such a manner during the national movement and in the early years after independence that its influence over Indian society as a whole remained considerable despite a major offensive from the Left. This involved a complex enmeshing of societal interest with their long-term class interest. However, soon after the initial years of independence, the business class increasingly failed, except on a few occasions, to demonstrate a long-term view of society which would also be in their long-term interest.1

中文翻译：

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殖民和后殖民时期的印度商业：寻求霸权对印度社会的影响

本文研究了印度商人阶级（是世界上最先进的商人）如何在殖民时期被压垮，以及在殖民时期本身如何进行反击和重建自己的重大努力。它通过与印度民族运动保持一致并发展对帝国主义的批判来做到这一点。它还讨论了在国民运动期间和独立后的最初几年，商人阶级如何在政治上和意识形态上定位自己，以至于尽管左翼发动了大规模攻势，但它对整个印度社会的影响仍然很大。这涉及到社会利益与他们长期的阶级利益的复杂融合。但是，在最初的几年独立后不久，商务舱的失败率越来越高，除了少数情况，