During the past several years a growing body of literature has encouraged sociologists to examine the intersection of race and Islam as a distinct form of racialization. What is further needed is an understanding of the experiences of racialization of Muslims through the prism of intersectionality. Applying and expanding Selod’s (2018a, 2018b) conceptualization of “gendered racialization” we argue American and international Muslim college women in the United States experience racialization at the intersection of nationality-culture; how their corporeal bodies are gendered and racially signified; religious-political expression; and legal-political policies and practices. Using data from 34 Muslim women college students we argue, first, that they are being racialized in similar practices and feel un-American and that they do not belong but how they mitigate racialization differs based on their intersecting identities. Specifically, the intersecting forces of nationality, gender and racial body signification, and religious-political expression are pertinent. Second, Muslim women college students negotiate their racialization with different coping strategies informed by their intersecting identities, notably their nationality and how they are bodily signified. These findings expose how whiteness is a malleable process for Muslim college women and choosing how to navigate racialization is determined by competing identities.

中文翻译：

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“我的头巾就像我的肤色”：穆斯林女学生，种族化和交叉性

在过去的几年中，越来越多的文献鼓励社会学家将种族和伊斯兰教作为种族化的一种独特形式加以研究。进一步需要通过交叉性的角度了解穆斯林的种族化经历。应用和扩展Selod（2018a，2018b）的“性别种族化”概念，我们认为美国的美国和国际穆斯林大学女性在国籍与文化的交汇处经历了种族化。他们的身体有什么性别和种族特征；宗教政治表达；以及法律政治政策和惯例。首先，我们使用来自34位穆斯林女大学生的数据，他们正在以类似的方式种族化并且感到非美国人，并且他们不属于美国，但是他们如何减轻种族化的方式因相交的身份而异。具体而言，国籍，性别和种族机构含义以及宗教政治表达的相交力量是相关的。其次，穆斯林女大学生通过相交的身份（尤其是国籍和身体的身分）了解不同的应对策略来谈判自己的种族。这些发现揭示了白度对于穆斯林大学女性来说是可塑的过程，而如何驾驭种族化则取决于竞争者的身份。与宗教政治表达有关。其次，穆斯林女大学生通过相交的身份（尤其是国籍和身体的身分）了解不同的应对策略来谈判自己的种族。这些发现揭示了白度对于穆斯林大学女性来说是可塑的过程，而如何驾驭种族化则取决于竞争者的身份。与宗教政治表达有关。其次，穆斯林女大学生通过相交的身份（尤其是国籍和身体的身分）了解不同的应对策略来谈判自己的种族。这些发现揭示了白度对于穆斯林大学女性来说是可塑的过程，而如何驾驭种族化则取决于竞争者的身份。