The depressive-realism effect refers to a phenomenon in which depressed individuals are more realistic at assessing the relationship between two events than non-depressed individuals. Recent evidence suggests that the depressive realism hypothesis is weaker than first thought. Thus, we sought evidence for depressive-realism under conditions that we hypothesised would maximise the effect. We tested a clinically depressed sample of participants who were administered a rumination induction. Twenty-eight clinically depressed and 39 non-depressed participants were randomly allocated to either a rumination condition (focused on the causes, consequences, and meaning of their mood) or a distraction condition (focused on external objects/events such as a classroom). Participants then completed a contingency task in which there was no relationship between their responses and an outcome, and they were asked to make a judgment of how much control they had over an outcome. Both groups and conditions did not differ in their judgments of control; participants in all conditions showed a non-normative judgment of control. The depressive-realism effect was not observed in this study, even when depressed participants were encouraged to ruminate. Rather, the present study clearly demonstrates the robustness of the illusion of control.

中文翻译：

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在临床抑郁样本中测试抑郁现实主义

抑郁现实主义效应是指抑郁个体在评估两个事件之间的关系时比非抑郁个体更现实的现象。最近的证据表明，抑郁现实主义假设比最初想象的要弱。因此，我们在我们假设会使效果最大化的条件下寻找抑郁现实主义的证据。我们测试了接受反刍诱导的参与者的临床抑郁样本。28 名临床抑郁症和 39 名非抑郁症参与者被随机分配到沉思状态（专注于他们情绪的原因、后果和意义）或分心状态（专注于外部物体/事件，例如教室）。然后，参与者完成了一项应急任务，其中他们的反应与结果之间没有关系，他们被要求判断他们对结果的控制程度。两组和条件在他们的控制判断上没有差异；所有条件下的参与者都表现出非规范的控制判断。在这项研究中没有观察到抑郁现实主义效应，即使鼓励抑郁的参与者反刍。相反，本研究清楚地证明了控制错觉的稳健性。在这项研究中没有观察到抑郁现实主义效应，即使鼓励抑郁的参与者反刍。相反，本研究清楚地证明了控制错觉的稳健性。在这项研究中没有观察到抑郁现实主义效应，即使鼓励抑郁的参与者反刍。相反，本研究清楚地证明了控制错觉的稳健性。