The prospect of increasing the energy density has promoted research on lithium metal batteries. Yet, avoiding the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and the resulting interfacial instability to ensure the practical viability of the given battery technology remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report coating the separator with sulfated zirconia superacid to achieve a high lithium ion transference number of 0.85 and excellent cycle life when a full-cell paired with a LiNi_0.82Co_0.07Mn_0.11O₂ cathode was tested in a carbonate electrolyte under practical operating conditions. The exceptionally high transference number is attributed to strengthened binding of the PF₆⁻ anion of the lithium salt with the superacid. Furthermore, the presence of the superacid induces a mechanically stable solid–electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer rich in Li_xPO_yF_z. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of the superacid on emerging post-lithium-ion batteries by immobilizing the anion of the salt as well as modifying the SEI composition.

中文翻译：

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硫酸盐氧化锆超强酸对具有碳酸盐电解质的锂金属电池的迁移率高

提高能量密度的前景促进了对锂金属电池的研究。然而，如何避免锂树枝状晶体的不受控制的生长以及由此产生的界面不稳定性以确保给定电池技术的实际可行性仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们报道了在硫酸钙电解液中在实际条件下测试与锂离子电池LiNi _0.82 Co _0.07 Mn _0.11 O ₂配对的全电池时，用硫酸化的氧化锆超酸涂覆隔膜以实现0.85的高锂离子转移数和出色的循环寿命。运行条件。极高的转移数归因于PF _6的增强结合^-锂盐与过酸的阴离子。此外，超强酸的存在会引起富含Li _x PO _y F _z的机械稳定的固-电解质中间相（SEI）层。这项研究表明，通过固定盐的阴离子并改性SEI组成，超酸对新兴的后锂离子电池的有益作用。