The real-time thermal–mechanical–frictional coupling characteristics of bearings are critical to the accuracy, reliability, and life of entire machines. To obtain the real-time dynamic characteristics of ball bearings, a novel model to calculate point contact dynamic friction in mixed lubrication was firstly presented in this work. The model of time-varying thermal contact resistance under fit between the ring and the ball, between the ring and the housing, and between the ring and the shaft was established using the fractal theory and the heat transfer theory. Furthermore, an inverse thermal network method with time-varying thermal contact resistance was presented. Using these models, the real-time thermal–mechanical–frictional coupling characteristics of ball bearings were obtained. The effectiveness of the presented models was verified by experiment and comparison.

轴承的实时热－机械－摩擦耦合特性对整个机器的精度，可靠性和使用寿命至关重要。为了获得滚珠轴承的实时动态特性，本文首次提出了一种计算混合润滑中点接触动摩擦的新模型。利用分形理论和热传递理论建立了在环与球之间，环与壳体之间，环与轴之间的配合下时变热接触电阻模型。此外，提出了一种具有时变热接触电阻的逆热网络方法。使用这些模型，可以获得滚珠轴承的实时热-机械-摩擦耦合特性。