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Invisible axion search methods
Reviews of Modern Physics ( IF 44.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.93.015004
Pierre Sikivie

In the late 1970s, the axion was proposed as a solution to the strong CP problem, i.e., the puzzle why the strong interactions conserve parity P and the product CP of charge conjugation and parity in spite of the fact that the standard model of elementary particles as a whole violates those symmetries. The original axion was soon ruled out by laboratory experiments and astrophysical considerations, but a new version was invented that is much more weakly coupled and that evades the laboratory and astrophysical constraints. It was named the “invisible” axion. However, the axion cannot be arbitrarily weakly coupled because it is overproduced in the early Universe by vacuum realignment in the limit of vanishing coupling. The axions produced by vacuum realignment are a form of cold dark matter today. The axion provides a solution then not only to the strong CP problem but also to the dark matter problem. Various methods have been proposed to search for dark matter axions and for axions emitted by the Sun. Their implementation and improvement has led to significant constraints on the notion of an invisible axion. Even purely laboratory methods may place significant constraints on invisible axions or axionlike particles. This review discusses the various methods that have been proposed and provides theoretical derivations of their signals.

中文翻译:

隐形轴搜索方法

在1970年代后期,提出了将斧头作为强力武器的解决方案。 CP 问题,即为什么强互动可以保持平价的难​​题 P 和产品 CP尽管基本粒子的标准模型总体上违反了这些对称性,但电荷共轭和奇偶性仍然存在。最初的斧头很快被实验室实验和天体物理学的考虑所排除,但是发明了一个新版本,其耦合性更弱,并且逃避了实验室和天体物理学的限制。它被称为“隐形”斧头。但是,轴不能任意弱耦合,因为在消失的耦合极限内,它在早期的宇宙中由于真空重新排列而过量产生。如今,真空重新排列产生的轴突是一种冷暗物质。轴子不仅为强力提供解决方案CP问题,但也有暗物质问题。已经提出了各种方法来搜索暗物质轴和由太阳发射的轴。它们的实施和改进已导致对隐形轴心概念的重大限制。即使是纯粹的实验室方法,也可能会对不可见的轴或像轴一样的颗粒施加明显的限制。这篇综述讨论了已经提出的各种方法,并提供了其信号的理论推导。
更新日期:2021-02-18
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