Background and Objective:Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is an early significant stage of recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current prospective PTA scales do not assess the full range of PTA symptomatology. This study conducted a novel integrated assessment of cognition and behaviour during PTA.Method:Twenty-four moderate-to-severe TBI participants in PTA and 23 TBI controls emerged from PTA were matched for age, gender, and years of education. All completed PTA measures (Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: GOAT, Westmead Post-traumatic Amnesia Scale: WPTAS), a cognitive battery; and behaviour ratings scored by 2 independent raters (informant and staff).Results:Significantly poorer performance was found during PTA for attention, processing speed, delayed verbal free recall and recognition, and visual learning. A large effect size was found for category fluency only. Behaviour ratings were significantly higher during PTA. Five behaviours were rated as high frequency (>50%) by both raters: Inattention, Impulsivity, Sleep Disturbance, Daytime Arousal, and Self-Monitoring. Prospective PTA measures produced significantly different duration estimates from 2 days (GOAT vs. WPTAS 1st day) to 9 days (WPTAS 1st day vs. 3-day). The WPTAS correlated most highly with processing speed and language tasks; whilst the GOAT correlated most highly with language and executive control of verbal memory.Conclusion:New prospective measures are needed that integrate core cognitive and behavioural features are brief, easy to administer, and capable of measuring emergence. The term PTA is a misnomer that requires revision to better accommodate the clinical syndrome.

中文翻译：

---

不仅仅是健忘症：对 PTA 认知和行为特征的综合新评估的前瞻性队列研究

背景与目的：创伤后健忘症（PTA）是创伤性脑损伤（TBI）恢复的早期重要阶段。目前的前瞻性 PTA 量表并未评估 PTA 症状的全部范围。本研究对 PTA 期间的认知和行为进行了新的综合评估。方法：PTA 中的 24 名中度至重度 TBI 参与者和 PTA 中出现的 23 名 TBI 对照者在年龄、性别和教育年限方面进行了匹配。所有完成的 PTA 测量（加尔维斯顿定向和健忘症测试：GOAT，Westmead 创伤后健忘症量表：WPTAS），认知电池；和行为评分由 2 名独立评分者（线人和工作人员）评分。结果：在 PTA 期间发现在注意力、处理速度、延迟的语言自由回忆和识别以及视觉学习方面的表现明显较差。仅针对类别流畅性发现了较大的效应量。在 PTA 期间，行为评分显着提高。五种行为被两位评估者评为高频（>50%）：注意力不集中、冲动、睡眠障碍、白天觉醒和自我监控。前瞻性 PTA 措施产生的持续时间估计与 2 天有显着差异（GOAT 与 WPTAS 1英石天）至 9 天（WPTAS 1英石天与 3 天）。WPTAS 与处理速度和语言任务的相关性最高；而 GOAT 与语言和言语记忆的执行控制相关性最高。结论：需要新的前瞻性措施，整合核心认知和行为特征，这些特征简短、易于管理，并且能够测量出现。PTA 一词是用词不当，需要修改以更好地适应临床综合征。