Groundwater resources are essential for the supply of drinking water in the European Union but significant uncertainties surround their quality. In this context, our article analyzes the factors that influence the cooperation of key stakeholders to prevent the risk of diffuse pollution from agriculture. We built on the institutional rational choice approach and the social-ecological system framework to design our analytical framework and hypotheses. We applied this analytical framework to two cases of cooperation involving drinking water suppliers and farmers in the management of the risk of non-point source pollution from agriculture in France. Our results show that cooperation emerges when the water resource is important for water suppliers to take on the leadership. Our results also characterize the role played by uncertainties and risk in getting stakeholders involved, and finally, suggest that cooperation depends on the size and predictability of the resource system.

地下水资源对于欧盟的饮用水供应至关重要，但其质量存在重大不确定性。在此背景下，我们的文章分析了影响关键利益相关者合作以防止农业扩散污染风险的因素。我们基于制度理性选择方法和社会生态系统框架来设计我们的分析框架和假设。我们将此分析框架应用于涉及饮用水供应商和农民在法国农业面源污染风险管理中的两个合作案例。我们的研究结果表明，当水资源对于供水商发挥领导作用很重要时，合作就会出现。