The effect of inappropriate speed adjustment to adverse conditions on crash-injury severities, and how this effect might vary across male and female drivers, and over time, is not well understood. To study this, single-vehicle crashes occurring in rainy weather, where speed too fast for conditions is a driver action identified as a contributing factor to the crash, were considered. The differences between the resulting crash-injury severities of male and female drivers (and how these differences change over time) is then studied utilizing three years of Florida crash data and estimating random parameters multinomial logit models of driver injury severity while considering potential heterogeneity in the means and variances of parameter estimates. Model estimation results show that there were significant differences in the driver-injury severities of male and female drivers, and that the effect of factors that determine injury severities varied significantly over time (statistically significant temporal instability). This suggests that male and female drivers generally perceive and react to rainy weather conditions in fundamentally different ways, and that their responses, as reflected by the effect that explanatory variables have on injury severity probabilities, change over time. However, there were two explanatory variables that had relatively stable effects on injury-severity probabilities over time and across genders: an indicator variable for crashes involving non-collision factors (including overturn/rollover crashes) and an indicator variable for restraint usage. Policies that target these two variables could produce long-term reductions in crash-injury severities under adverse conditions.

不利条件下不适当的速度调节对碰撞伤害严重性的影响，以及这种影响在男女驾驶员之间以及随着时间的推移如何变化尚不清楚。为了对此进行研究，考虑了在阴雨天气中发生的单车事故，在这种情况下，对于条件而言速度太快是驾驶员的行为，被认为是造成事故的因素。然后，利用佛罗里达州三年的撞车数据并估算驾驶员伤害严重性的随机参数多项式logit模型，同时考虑驾驶员在驾驶中潜在的异质性，研究由此产生的男性和女性驾驶员碰撞伤害严重程度之间的差异（以及这些差异如何随时间变化）。参数估计的均值和方差。模型估计结果表明，男性和女性驾驶员的驾驶伤害严重程度存在显着差异，并且确定伤害严重程度的因素的影响会随时间发生显着变化（统计上显着的时间不稳定）。这表明，男性和女性驾驶员通常以根本不同的方式感知和应对阴雨天气，并且他们的反应（随解释变量对伤害严重性概率的影响而反映）随时间变化。但是，有两个说明性变量随时间推移和跨性别对伤害严重性概率具有相对稳定的影响：涉及非碰撞因素的撞车指标变量（包括翻倒/翻滚撞车）和用于约束使用的指标变量。