Parents’ interpretations of the cause of their children’s behavior, i.e., parental attributions, are linked to parenting behavior and child development. However, it is not yet known whether parental attributions are systematically associated with children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms and behavior or psychosocial treatment engagement and outcomes across diagnostic categories. This systematic review aimed to fill this knowledge gap using a transdiagnostic perspective to synthesize the literature on the associations between parent–causal and child-responsible attributions and children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior, treatment engagement, and treatment outcomes for parents and children. A total of 67 studies were identified. Overall, biased child-responsible attributions were associated with elevated child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and behavior across diagnoses, while findings on the association between parent-causal attributions and child behavior were inconsistent. The link between parental attributions and treatment engagement was also mixed, varying across treatment type, child diagnosis, and focus of attributions. Regarding treatment outcomes, less biased parent-causal and child-responsible attributions were linked to post-treatment improvements in children’s behaviors, while mixed findings were reported on post-treatment improvements in parental attributions. Findings are discussed with a focus on approaches to enhance the effectiveness of assessment and psychosocial treatment approaches across diagnostic categories with consideration of parental attributions.

父母对其子女行为原因的解释，即父母的归因，与养育行为和儿童发展有关。然而，目前尚不清楚父母归因是否与儿童的内化和外化症状和行为或跨诊断类别的心理社会治疗参与和结果系统相关。本系统评价旨在使用跨诊断的视角来填补这一知识空白，以综合有关父母 - 因果关系和儿童责任归因与儿童内化和外化行为、治疗参与以及父母和子女治疗结果之间关联的文献。共确定了 67 项研究。总体，有偏见的儿童责任归因与跨诊断的儿童内化和外化症状和行为升高有关，而关于父母因果归因与儿童行为之间关联的研究结果不一致。父母归因与治疗参与之间的联系也参差不齐，因治疗类型、儿童诊断和归因重点而异。关于治疗结果，较少偏见的父母因果关系和儿童责任归因与治疗后儿童行为的改善有关，而关于治疗后父母归因改善的报道则喜忧参半。