The element silicon (Si) is required for the growth of silicified organisms in marine environments, such as diatoms. These organisms consume vast amounts of Si together with N, P, and C, connecting the biogeochemical cycles of these elements. Thus, understanding the Si cycle in the ocean is critical for understanding wider issues such as carbon sequestration by the ocean's biological pump. In this review, we show that recent advances in process studies indicate that total Si inputs and outputs, to and from the world ocean, are 57 % and 37 % higher, respectively, than previous estimates. We also update the total ocean silicic acid inventory value, which is about 24 % higher than previously estimated. These changes are significant, modifying factors such as the geochemical residence time of Si, which is now about 8000 years, 2 times faster than previously assumed. In addition, we present an updated value of the global annual pelagic biogenic silica production (255 Tmol Si yr⁻¹) based on new data from 49 field studies and 18 model outputs, and we provide a first estimate of the global annual benthic biogenic silica production due to sponges (6 Tmol Si yr⁻¹). Given these important modifications, we hypothesize that the modern ocean Si cycle is at approximately steady state with inputs $=\mathrm{14.8}(\pm \mathrm{2.6})$ Tmol Si yr⁻¹ and outputs $=\mathrm{15.6}(\pm \mathrm{2.4})$ Tmol Si yr⁻¹. Potential impacts of global change on the marine Si cycle are discussed.

中文翻译：

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综述与合成：现代海洋中硅的生物地球化学循环

硅（Si）元素是硅藻等海洋环境中硅化生物生长所需的元素。这些生物与N，P和C一起消耗大量的Si，从而连接了这些元素的生物地球化学循环。因此，了解海洋中的Si循环对于了解更广泛的问题（例如海洋生物泵的碳固存）至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们表明工艺研究的最新进展表明总硅进出世界海洋的投入和产出分别比以前的估计高57％和37％。我们还更新了海洋硅酸总库存值，该值比先前估计的值高约24％。这些变化是重大的，可改变的因素，例如Si的地球化学停留时间，现在约为8000年，比以前假定的速度快2倍。此外，我们还提供了全球每年中上层生物成因二氧化硅产量（255 Tmol Si yr ^-1）的更新值。 基于来自49个现场研究和18个模型输出的新数据，我们提供了海绵（6 Tmol Si yr ^-1）造成的全球底栖生物二氧化硅年产量的初步估计 。鉴于这些重要的修改，我们假设现代海洋硅周期处于输入的近似稳态$=\mathrm{14.8}（\pm \mathrm{2.6}）$ Tmol Si yr ^-1和输出$=\mathrm{15.6}（\pm \mathrm{2.4}）$ Tmol Si yr ^-1。讨论了全球变化对海洋硅周期的潜在影响。