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Residency and movement patterns of Cuvier’s beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA
Marine Ecology Progress Series ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.3354/meps13593
HJ Foley 1, 2 , K Pacifici 2 , RW Baird 3 , DL Webster 3 , ZT Swaim 1 , AJ Read 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT: Cuvier’s beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris are wide-ranging, deep-diving cetaceans that are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise. Current stock assessments assume a single population in the western North Atlantic Ocean, but knowledge of the residency patterns and distribution of the species is currently lacking in the region. Here we describe the spatial ecology of 20 Cuvier’s beaked whales equipped with satellite-linked tags off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, between 2014 and 2017. We applied a hierarchical switching state-space model to filter location estimates and define behavioral states of area-restricted search (ARS) and transit. We used kernel density estimation to identify high use areas, and net squared displacement analyses to assess residency. The vast majority (96%) of locations were classified as ARS behavior, suggesting that tagged whales allocated much of their time to foraging. Maximum net displacement had a sample median of 50 km, and 81% of individual whales were classified as demonstrating a resident, or ‘home range,’ movement pattern. Overall, our research indicates a localized population of Cuvier’s beaked whales occupying the area off Cape Hatteras. The tagged animals demonstrated a small, defined core use area and exhibited little displacement from the region. These patterns of movement and spatial use can inform future conservation and management of this species, which is vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances caused by several sources, including mid-frequency active sonar and seismic exploration.

中文翻译:

美国北卡罗来纳州哈特拉斯角附近居维叶喙鲸Ziphius cavirostris的居住和活动模式

摘要:Cuvier的喙鲸Ziphius cavirostris是对人为噪声特别敏感的种类繁多的深层鲸类。当前的种群评估假设在北大西洋西部只有一个种群,但是该区域目前缺乏有关种群居住模式和分布的知识。在这里,我们描述了2014年至2017年之间在美国北卡罗来纳州哈特拉斯角附近有20个装有卫星链接标签的居维叶喙鲸的空间生态。我们应用了层次转换状态空间模型来过滤位置估计值并定义区域的行为状态限制搜索(ARS)和中转。我们使用核密度估计来确定高使用区域,并使用净平方位移分析来评估居住权。绝大多数(96%)的位置被归类为ARS行为,这表明标记的鲸鱼将其大部分时间用于觅食。最大净排水量的样本中位数为50 km,并且81%的鲸鱼被归类为居民(或“家庭范围”)移动模式。总体而言,我们的研究表明,居维叶喙鲸的本地化种群占据了哈特拉斯角附近地区。被标记的动物显示出较小的,确定的核心使用面积,并且从该区域几乎没有位移。这些移动和空间利用方式可以为该物种的未来保护和管理提供信息,该物种容易受到由中频有源声纳和地震勘探等多种来源引起的人为干扰的影响。并且有81%的鲸鱼被归类为具有居民活动模式的居民。总的来说,我们的研究表明,居维叶喙鲸的本地化种群占据了哈特拉斯角附近地区。加标签的动物显示出较小的,确定的核心使用面积,并且从该区域几乎没有位移。这些运动和空间利用方式可以为该物种的未来保护和管理提供信息,该物种容易受到由中频有源声纳和地震勘探等多种来源引起的人为干扰的影响。并且有81%的鲸鱼被归类为具有居民活动模式的居民。总的来说,我们的研究表明,居维叶喙鲸的本地化种群占据了哈特拉斯角附近地区。加标签的动物显示出较小的,确定的核心使用面积,并且从该区域几乎没有位移。这些运动和空间利用方式可以为该物种的未来保护和管理提供信息,该物种容易受到由中频有源声纳和地震勘探等多种来源引起的人为干扰的影响。
更新日期:2021-02-18
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