ABSTRACT: Coastal marine ecosystems, which play a crucial role in the biogeochemical and ecological functioning of the Earth, are highly sensitive to the combined effects of climate and human activities. Because of their location, coastal ecosystems are directly influenced by human activities, but it remains challenging to assess the spatial and temporal scales at which climate influences coastal ecosystems. We monitored 12 sampling stations, distributed in 8 ecosystems in France, over 2 decades for physico-biogeochemical parameters (temperature, salinity, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nutrients and particulate material). The study encompasses a large diversity of temperate coastal ecosystems with respect to e.g. geomorphology, trophic status, tidal regime, river influence and turbidity. Time-series analysis coupled with standardised 3-mode principal component analyses, partial triadic analyses and correlations were used to assess bi-decadal variability and ecosystem trajectories, and to identify large-scale, regional and local drivers. Our results highlighted 2 abrupt changes in 2001 and 2005. The bi-decadal changes were related to changes in large-scale and regional climate, detected through proxies of temperature and atmospheric circulation, as well as through river discharge. Ecosystem trajectories tended to move towards an increase in temperature and salinity, and/or a decrease in chlorophyll a, nutrients and particulate matter. However, the magnitude of change, the year-to-year variability and the sensitivity to the 2001 and 2005 changes varied among the ecosystems. This study highlights the need for establishing long-term time series and combining data sets as well as undertaking multi-ecosystem and local studies to better understand the long-term variability of coastal ecosystems and its associated drivers.

中文翻译：

---

温带沿海生态系统物理-生物地球化学特征的双年代际变化：从大规模到本地驱动

摘要：沿海海洋生态系统对地球的生物地球化学和生态功能起着至关重要的作用，对气候和人类活动的综合影响高度敏感。由于其地理位置，沿海生态系统直接受到人类活动的影响，但是评估气候影响沿海生态系统的时空尺度仍然具有挑战性。在过去的20年中，我们监测了分布在法国8个生态系统中的12个采样站的物理-生物地球化学参数（温度，盐度，溶解氧浓度，养分和颗粒物质）。该研究涵盖了地貌，营养状况，潮汐状态，河流影响和浊度等温带沿海生态系统的多样性。时间序列分析与标准化的三模式主成分分析，部分三重分析和相关性用于评估双年代际变化和生态系统轨迹，并识别大规模，区域和本地驱动因素。我们的结果突出显示了2001年和2005年的2次突变。双年代际变化与大规模和区域性气候的变化有关，这是通过温度和大气环流以及河流流量的代理检测到的。生态系统的轨迹趋向于温度和盐度的增加，和/或叶绿素的减少 我们的结果突出显示了2001年和2005年的2次突变。双年代际变化与大规模和区域性气候的变化有关，这是通过温度和大气环流以及河流流量的代理检测到的。生态系统的轨迹趋向于温度和盐度的增加，和/或叶绿素的减少 我们的结果突出显示了2001年和2005年的2次突变。双年代际变化与大规模和区域性气候变化有关，通过温度和大气环流以及河流排泄量检测到。生态系统的轨迹趋向于温度和盐度的增加，和/或叶绿素的减少a，营养物质和颗粒物。但是，生态系统的变化幅度，年度变化和对2001年和2005年变化的敏感性不同。这项研究强调需要建立长期时间序列并结合数据集，以及进行多生态系统和地方研究，以更好地了解沿海生态系统及其相关驱动因素的长期变化。