Background The success of wheat production is largely dependent on local breeding projects that focus on the development of high-yielding cultivars with the use of novel molecular tools. One strategy for improving wheat productivity involves the deployment of diverse germplasms with a high potential yield. An important factor for achieving success involves the dissection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for complex agronomic traits, such as grain yield components, in targeted environments for wheat growth. Methods In this study, we tested the United Kingdom (UK) spring set of the doubled haploid (DH) reference population derived from the cross between two British cultivars, Avalon (winter wheat) and Cadenza (spring wheat), in the Northern, Central, and Southern regions (Karabalyk, Karaganda, Kyzylorda) of Kazakhstan over three years (2013–2015). The DH population has previously been genotyped by UK scientists using 3647 polymorphic DNA markers. The list of tested traits includes the heading time, seed maturation time, plant height, spike length, productive tillering, number of kernels per spike, number of kernels per meter, thousand kernel weight, and yield per square meter. Windows QTL Cartographer was applied for QTL mapping using the composite interval mapping method. Results In total, 83 out of 232 QTLs were identified as stable QTLs from at least two environments. A literature survey suggests that 40 QTLs had previously been reported elsewhere, indicating that this study identified 43 QTLs that are presumably novel marker-trait associations (MTA) for these environments. Hence, the phenotyping of the DH population in new environments led to the discovery of novel MTAs. The identified SNP markers associated with agronomic traits in the DH population could be successfully used in local Kazakh breeding projects for the improvement of wheat productivity.

中文翻译：

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使用在哈萨克斯坦种植的英国 Avalon נ Cadenza 参考作图种群对小麦农艺性状进行 QTL 作图

背景 小麦生产的成功很大程度上取决于当地的育种项目，这些项目侧重于使用新型分子工具开发高产品种。提高小麦生产力的一种策略涉及部署具有高潜在产量的多种种质。取得成功的一个重要因素涉及在小麦生长的目标环境中分析复杂农艺性状（例如谷物产量成分）的数量性状基因座 (QTL)。方法 在这项研究中，我们测试了英国 (UK) 春季组的双单倍体 (DH) 参考群体，这些参考群体来自两个英国品种 Avalon（冬小麦）和 Cadenza（春小麦）在北部、中部的杂交。和哈萨克斯坦南部地区（卡拉巴雷克、卡拉干达、克孜勒奥尔达）三年（2013-2015 年）。DH 种群先前已由英国科学家使用 3647 个多态性 DNA 标记进行基因分型。测试性状列表包括抽穗时间、种子成熟时间、株高、穗长、生产性分蘖、每穗粒数、每米粒数、千粒重和每平方米产量。应用 Windows QTL Cartographer 进行 QTL 映射，使用复合区间映射方法。结果总共从至少两个环境中鉴定出232个QTL中的83个是稳定的QTL。一项文献调查表明，40 个 QTL 之前曾在其他地方报道过，这表明该研究确定了 43 个 QTL，这些 QTL 可能是这些环境的新型标记-性状关联 (MTA)。因此，DH 种群在新环境中的表型分析导致了新 MTA 的发现。