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Microbiota modulation of allelopathy depends on litter chemistry: Mitigation or exacerbation?
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145942
Giuliano Bonanomi , Maurizio Zotti , Mohamed Idbella , Stefano Mazzoleni , Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad

Having a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, litter decomposition affects plant growth and regeneration by inducing the release of allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the microbiota in modulating the allelopathic effects of freshly fallen and decomposed leaf litter. To disentangle the chemical and microbial effects, bioassays were carried out on four target plants in sterile and non-sterile conditions. All litter types were characterized by carbon-13 cross polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy, and the associated fungal and bacterial microbiota were described by next-generation sequencing. When the litter extract was sterilized, freshly fallen litter severely inhibited the plant root growth, but during decomposition, the allelopathic effect rapidly decreased. Root growth was negatively correlated with extractable carbon and positively correlated with parameters associated with tissue lignification. In non-sterile conditions, the living microbiota modulated the leaf litter allelopathic effects of mitigation (26.5% of cases) and exacerbation (26.6% of cases). The mitigation effect was more frequent and intense in stressful conditions, i.e., highly phytotoxic freshly fallen litter, than in benign environments, i.e., decomposed litter. Finally, we identified specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that could be involved in the mediation of the litter allelopathic effect. This study highlights the importance of studying allelopathy in both sterile conditions and in the presence of a living microbiota to assess the role of litter chemistry and the potential impact of plant detritus on the agro-ecosystem and natural plant communities.



中文翻译:

化感作用的微生物群调节取决于垫料的化学性质:缓解还是恶化?

凋落物分解在生物地球化学循环中具有举足轻重的作用,它通过诱导释放化感物质而影响植物的生长和再生。这项研究的目的是评估微生物群在调节新鲜落下和分解的枯枝落叶的化感作用中的作用。为了弄清化学和微生物作用,在无菌和非无菌条件下对四种目标植物进行了生物测定。所有垃圾类型的特征都是碳13交叉极化的魔角旋转核磁共振(13C-CPMAS NMR)光谱以及相关的真菌和细菌菌群已通过下一代测序技术进行了描述。当对凋落物提取物进行灭菌处理时,刚落下的凋落物会严重抑制植物根系的生长,但是在分解过程中,化感作用会迅速降低。根生长与可提取碳负相关,与组织木质化相关的参数正相关。在非无菌条件下,活菌群调节了减缓(26.5%的病例)和加重(26.6%的病例)的凋落物化感作用。与在良性环境(即分解的垫料)中相比,在压力条件下(即具有高度植物毒性的刚掉落的垫料),缓解效果更为频繁和强烈。最后,我们确定了特定的细菌和真菌操作分类单位(OTU),这些单位可能与垃圾的化感作用有关。这项研究强调了在无菌条件下和存在活菌群的情况下研究化感病的重要性,以评估凋落物化学的作用以及植物碎屑对农业生态系统和天然植物群落的潜在影响。

更新日期:2021-02-25
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