Colonization of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is the trigger for a series of gastric mucosal changes that culminate in gastric cancer. Infection with this bacterium is considered the major risk factor for this malignancy. The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled to advanced computational pipelines offered an improved understanding of the microbiome, and it is now currently accepted that, besides H. pylori, the stomach harbours a complex microbial community. While it is well established that H. pylori plays a central role in gastric carcinogenesis, the significance of the non-H. pylori microbiota is yet to be clarified. This review will address the state of the art on the relationship between the gastric microbiota and gastric cancer development, and identify areas where additional research is needed before translating microbiome research into preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce gastric cancer burden.

幽门螺杆菌在胃中定植是引发一系列胃粘膜变化的诱因，这些变化最终导致胃癌。这种细菌的感染被认为是这种恶性肿瘤的主要危险因素。高通量测序技术与先进的计算流水线的结合使人们对微生物组有了更深入的了解，目前人们公认，除幽门螺杆菌外，胃还拥有一个复杂的微生物群落。众所周知，幽门螺杆菌在胃癌的发生中起着核心作用，但非幽门螺杆菌的重要性微生物群尚未阐明。这篇综述将探讨胃微生物群与胃癌发展之间关系的最新技术，并确定在将微生物组研究转化为减轻胃癌负担的预防和治疗策略之前需要进行其他研究的领域。