Precision measurement tools are compulsory to reduce measurement errors or machining errors in the processes of calibration and manufacturing. The laser interferometer is one of the most important measurement tools invented in the 20th century. Today, it is commonly used in ultraprecision machining and manufacturing, ultraprecision positioning control, and many noncontact optical sensing technologies. So far, the state-of-the-art laser interferometers are the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, e.g. the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). The LIGO has reached the measurement quantum limit, and some quantum technologies with squeezed light are currently being tested in order to further decompress the noise level. In this paper, we focus on the laser interferometry developed for space-based gravitational-wave detection. The basic working principle and the current status of the key technologies of intersatellite laser interferometry are introduced and discussed in detail. The launch and operation of these large-scale, gravitational-wave detectors based on space-based laser interferometry is proposed for the 2030s.

必须使用精密测量工具，以减少校准和制造过程中的测量误差或加工误差。激光干涉仪是20世纪发明的最重要的测量工具之一。如今，它已广泛用于超精密加工和制造，超精密定位控制以及许多非接触式光学传感技术。到目前为止，最先进的激光干涉仪是基于地面的重力波探测器，例如激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）。LIGO已达到测量量子极限，目前正在测试某些具有压缩光的量子技术，以进一步降低噪声水平。在本文中，我们专注于为天基重力波检测开发的激光干涉仪。介绍并讨论了星际激光干涉测量技术的基本工作原理和现状。这些基于天基激光干涉测量法的大型重力波探测器的发射和运行在2030年代提出。