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Best vs. All: Equity and Accuracy of Standardized Test Score Reporting
arXiv - CS - Computer Science and Game Theory Pub Date : 2021-02-15 , DOI: arxiv-2102.07809
Sampath Kannan, Mingzi Niu, Aaron Roth, Rakesh Vohra

We study a game theoretic model of standardized testing for college admissions. Students are of two types; High and Low. There is a college that would like to admit the High type students. Students take a potentially costly standardized exam which provides a noisy signal of their type. The students come from two populations, which are identical in talent (i.e. the type distribution is the same), but differ in their access to resources: the higher resourced population can at their option take the exam multiple times, whereas the lower resourced population can only take the exam once. We study two models of score reporting, which capture existing policies used by colleges. The first policy (sometimes known as "super-scoring") allows students to report the max of the scores they achieve. The other policy requires that all scores be reported. We find in our model that requiring that all scores be reported results in superior outcomes in equilibrium, both from the perspective of the college (the admissions rule is more accurate), and from the perspective of equity across populations: a student's probability of admission is independent of their population, conditional on their type. In particular, the false positive rates and false negative rates are identical in this setting, across the highly and poorly resourced student populations. This is the case despite the fact that the more highly resourced students can -- at their option -- either report a more accurate signal of their type, or pool with the lower resourced population under this policy.

中文翻译:

最佳vs全部:标准化考试成绩报告的公平性和准确性

我们研究了大学入学标准化测试的游戏理论模型。学生有两种类型;高和低。有一所大学想招收高级学生。学生参加可能会花费高昂的标准化考试,从而提供此类噪音信号。学生来自两个人群,他们的才华相同(即类型分布相同),但是他们对资源的访问方式有所不同:资源丰富的人群可以选择多次参加考试,而资源较少的人群可以参加考试。只参加一次考试。我们研究了两种分数报告模型,它们捕获了大学使用的现有政策。第一项政策(有时称为“超级得分”)允许学生报告他们所获得的最大分数。另一项政策要求报告所有分数。我们在模型中发现,无论是从大学角度(录取规则更准确)还是从跨群体平等的角度来看,要求所有分数均需报告才能取得优异的均衡结果:学生的录取概率为与人口无关,取决于其类型。特别是,在这种情况下,在资源丰富和资源匮乏的学生群体中,假阳性率和假阴性率是相同的。尽管事实是情况如此,但资源较多的学生可以(根据他们的选择)报告更准确的类型信号,或者根据此政策与资源较少的人群集中。从学院的角度(录取规则更准确),以及从人群之间的平等角度来看:学生的入学概率与他们的人口无关,取决于他们的类型。特别是,在这种情况下,在资源丰富和资源匮乏的学生群体中,假阳性率和假阴性率是相同的。尽管事实是情况如此,但资源较多的学生可以(根据他们的选择)报告更准确的类型信号,或者根据此政策与资源较少的人群集中。从学院的角度(录取规则更准确),以及从人群之间的平等角度来看:学生的入学概率与他们的人口无关,取决于他们的类型。特别是,在这种情况下,在资源丰富和资源匮乏的学生群体中,假阳性率和假阴性率是相同的。尽管事实是情况如此,但资源较多的学生可以(根据他们的选择)报告更准确的类型信号,或者根据此政策与资源较少的人群集中。在这种情况下,资源丰富和资源匮乏的学生群体中的假阳性率和假阴性率是相同的。尽管事实是情况如此,但资源较多的学生可以(根据他们的选择)报告更准确的类型信号,或者根据此政策与资源较少的人群集中。在这种情况下,资源丰富和资源匮乏的学生群体中的假阳性率和假阴性率是相同的。尽管事实是情况如此,但资源较多的学生可以(根据他们的选择)报告更准确的类型信号,或者根据此政策与资源较少的人群集中。
更新日期:2021-02-17
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