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From self-sufficient provision of water and energy to regenerative urban development and sustainability: exploring the potentials in Mashhad City, Iran
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management ( IF 3.371 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 , DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2021.1874894
Shahrzad Gholizadeh Sarabi 1 , Mohammad Rahim Rahnama 1
Affiliation  

Increased resource demand due to rapid urbanization has made cities like Mashhad highly dependent on their surroundings for resource supply and waste disposal, and has negatively impacted their local-regional hinterlands. To reduce the metabolic footprint of cities and create an environmentally restorative relationship between cities and their supporting ecosystems, a transition toward local alternative and renewable sources is essential. This paper explores potentials for water and energy self-sufficient provision in Mashhad using the Urban Harvesting method to practically illustrate how cities could seek opportunities to meet their needs within their boundaries before relying on external supplies. Results showed that solar photovoltaic and biogas could provide 4495.2 and 472.6GWh/yr electricity, altogether enabling Mashhad to offset 100% of its consumption. Water cascading and recycling have the potential to meet 72% of the demand, and replace around 125 mcm/yr of imported water. Similarly, water self-sufficiency would increase by 5%–8% (8.6–14.7 mcm/yr) when collecting rainwater from rooftops.



中文翻译:

从自给自足的水和能源供应到城市再生发展和可持续性:探索伊朗马什哈德市的潜力

快速城市化导致的资源需求增加,使得像马什哈德这样的城市在资源供应和废物处理方面高度依赖周围环境,并对其当地区域腹地产生了负面影响。为了减少城市的代谢足迹并在城市与其支持的生态系统之间建立环境恢复关系,向当地替代和可再生能源过渡至关重要。本文使用城市收获方法探讨了马什哈德水和能源自给自足的潜力,以实际说明城市如何在依赖外部供应之前寻求机会满足其边界内的需求。结果表明,太阳能光伏和沼气可提供 4495.2 和 472.6GWh/年电力,总共使马什哈德能够抵消其消耗的 100%。级联和循环水有潜力满足 72% 的需求,并替代大约 125 mcm/yr 的进口水。同样,从屋顶收集雨水时,水的自给自足会增加 5%–8%(8.6–14.7 mcm/yr)。

更新日期:2021-02-17
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