This study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of the alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Spinacia oleracea leaves, on Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and to identify bioactive functional components including essential oil by GC–MS. Microbial analyses, including disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were conducted, whose results were compared with some specific antibiotics. The results of the MIC and MBC analyses indicated that S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes were more sensitive to the alcoholic extract than P. aeruginosa and E. coli. However, the hydroalcoholic extract showed no MIC and MBC for the tested pathogens. In the disc diffusion method, the alcoholic extract had a great effect on L. monocytogenes. The GC–MS analysis showed phenolic compounds (9.345%), unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (22.901%), alkaloids, and terpenes (58.57%), amino acids (6.279%), squalene (0.233%), and other compounds in the alcoholic extract of Spinach, which has functional roles in biological activities. Furthermore, the most important compounds of the essential oil of the Iranian spinach were durohydroquinone (34.73%), α-terpineol (12.98%), linalool (22.69%), and cineole (13.1%). According to the results, the alcoholic extract and the essential oil of S. oleracea leaves can be a good alternative for antibiotics and can be used in foods and animal feed as a preservative.

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伊朗菠菜叶的酒精、水醇提取物和精油的化学成分和抗菌活性的体外研究

本研究旨在研究菠菜叶的酒精和水醇提取物对单核细胞增生李斯特菌(ATCC 7644)、肠炎沙门氏菌(ATCC 13076)、大肠杆菌 O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) 和铜绿假单胞菌(C. ，并通过 GC-MS 鉴定包括精油在内的生物活性功能成分。进行了微生物分析，包括盘扩散、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC），并将其结果与一些特定抗生素进行了比较。MIC 和 MBC 分析结果表明，肠炎沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌对酒精提取物比铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌更敏感。然而，水醇提取物对测试的病原体没有显示 MIC 和 MBC。在圆盘扩散法中，酒精提取物对单核细胞增生李斯特菌有很大的影响。GC-MS 分析显示酚类化合物 (9.345%)、不饱和和饱和脂肪酸 (22.901%)、生物碱和萜烯 (58.57%)、氨基酸 (6.279%)、角鲨烯 (0.233%) 和其他化合物在菠菜的酒精提取物，其在生物活动中具有功能作用。此外，伊朗菠菜精油中最重要的化合物是双氢醌 (34.73%)、α-萜品醇 (12.98%)、芳樟醇 (22.69%) 和桉树脑 (13.1%)。结果表明，甘蓝叶的酒精提取物和精油可以很好地替代抗生素，可作为防腐剂用于食品和动物饲料中。