For migratory species, seasonal movements complicate local climate adaptation, as it is unclear whether individuals track climate niches across the annual cycle. In the migratory songbird yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), we find a correlation between individual‐level wintering and breeding precipitation, but not temperature. Birds wintering in the driest regions of the Neotropics breed in the driest regions of North America. Individuals from drier regions also possess distinct morphologies and population responses to varying rainfall. We find a positive association between bill size and breeding season precipitation which, given documented climate‐associated genomic variation, might reflect adaptation to local precipitation regimes. Relative abundance in the breeding range is linked to interannual fluctuations in precipitation, but the directionality of this response varies across geography. Together, our results suggest that variation in climate optima may exist across the breeding range of yellow warblers and provide a mechanism for selection across the annual cycle.

中文翻译：

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遗传变异揭示候鸟全年周期内的个人水平气候跟踪

对于迁徙物种而言，季节性运动使当地的气候适应变得复杂，因为尚不清楚个人是否在整个年度周期内追踪气候climate。在迁徙的鸣鸟黄莺（Setophaga petechia），我们发现个体水平的越冬与繁殖降水之间存在相关性，但与温度之间没有相关性。在新热带最干燥的地区过冬的鸟类在北美最干燥的地区繁殖。干旱地区的个体还具有独特的形态和种群对变化降雨的响应。我们发现账单金额与繁殖季节降水之间存在正相关关系，考虑到已记录的与气候相关的基因组变异，这可能反映了对当地降水制度的适应。繁殖范围内的相对丰度与降水的年际波动有关，但是这种响应的方向性在不同的地理区域内都不同。一起，