Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a odourless and colourless gas which plays a noteworthy role in the climate and weather changes. Different natural and anthropogenic activities induces CO₂ emission in the environment. Though CO₂ causes global warming, it acts as an essential element for photosynthesis process in plants. CO₂ can also be used as an inexpensive feedstock for the production of various fuels and chemicals. Many approaches like electrochemical, thermal, biochemical, chemo-enzymatic and photocatalytic methods are available by means of which the harmful CO₂ is captured from the environment. Similarly, via different chemical, physical and biological processes, it can be converted into useful products like fuels and chemicals. This review mainly focuses on various utilization approaches and their mechanisms for CO₂ mitigation. In addition, CO₂ conversion processes like hydrogenation, esterification, methanation, reforming, and reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reactions, their mechanisms and their current status along with future perspectives were comprehensively discussed.

二氧化碳（CO ₂）是一种无味无色的气体，在气候和天气变化中起着举足轻重的作用。不同的自然活动和人为活动会在环境中诱发CO ₂排放。尽管CO ₂引起了全球变暖，但它却是植物光合作用过程中必不可少的元素。CO ₂也可用作生产各种燃料和化学品的廉价原料。可以使用许多方法，例如电化学，热学，生物化学，化学酶促和光催化方法，通过这些方法，有害的CO ₂是从环境中捕获的。同样，通过不同的化学，物理和生物过程，可以将其转化为有用的产品，例如燃料和化学品。这项审查主要侧重于各种利用方法及其缓解CO ₂的机制。此外，还对氢化，酯化，甲烷化，重整和反向水煤气变换（RWGS）反应等CO ₂转化过程，其机理和现状以及未来前景进行了全面讨论。