Intestinal microbiota gained attention due to its pleiotropic effect on intestinal barrier, nutrients metabolism and on immune system development and functions. Recent evidence pointed out a possible role of an altered gut microbiota composition in the pathogenesis and progression of several autoimmune disorders, occurring at gastrointestinal level or far apart. In thyroid autoimmune disorders, encompassing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease and thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the combined effect of environmental triggers and genetic predisposing background, lead to the loss of self-tolerance and to auto-aggressive damage, involving both cellular and humoral networks of immune system. This review is aimed at assessing the current knowledge about the studies published on the fecal microbiota composition in patients bearing thyroid autoimmune diseases. We further examined the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota composition and the most used treatments for thyroid disorders.

肠道微生物群因其对肠道屏障、营养代谢和免疫系统发育和功能的多效作用而受到关注。最近的证据表明，肠道微生物群组成的改变可能在多种自身免疫性疾病的发病机制和进展中发挥作用，这些疾病发生在胃肠道水平或相距甚远。在甲状腺自身免疫性疾病中，包括桥本氏甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯氏病和甲状腺相关眼眶病，环境诱因和遗传易感背景的综合作用导致自我耐受性丧失和自身攻击性损伤，涉及细胞和体液网络免疫系统的。本综述旨在评估目前发表的关于甲状腺自身免疫性疾病患者粪便微生物群组成研究的知识。我们进一步研究了肠道微生物群组成与甲状腺疾病最常用的治疗方法之间的相互作用。