Infrastructure systems are encountering unprecedented challenges as a result of climate change. Identifying infrastructure vulnerabilities before hazards strike is of paramount significance as it can help minimize the adverse consequences. However, investigating the vulnerability of single infrastructure system is myopic as it neglects the interdependencies between networked infrastructure systems. Owners and operators of different infrastructure systems should collaborate to identify infrastructure vulnerabilities against various hazard types from a system-of-systems standpoint. Nonetheless, systematic high-resolution vulnerability assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems requires versatile data and computational resources. While it is cost intensive and resourceful to develop a gigantic software for assessing infrastructure vulnerability, it is possible to synchronize available toolkits like building information modeling (BIM), geographic information system (GIS) and domain-specific computational engines (DCEs) to perform interdisciplinary infrastructure vulnerability assessment. This paper proposes an integrated BIM-GIS-DCEs approach to facilitate system-of-systems-based infrastructure vulnerability assessment. The proposed approach consists of the following key components: (i) Building information elicitation from BIM model, (ii) Physics-based pre- and post-hazard infrastructure performance simulation using DCEs, and (iii) Data integration and geospatial analysis for decision making on GIS platform. In the proposed approach, BIM provides hazard-sensitive properties of building elements, and DCEs serve to simulate the infrastructure performance before and after hazard occurs based on the predetermined physics-based operating regimes. Essentially, GIS stores the data from heterogeneous sources and mediates the semantic mapping between the simulation tools of distinct infrastructure domains. The embedded geospatial analysis functions in GIS facilitate the investigation of hazard-vulnerable components within an infrastructure system and also the expected hazard impacts at the community scale. The validity of the integrated approach is demonstrated using the stormwater drainage-building-road transport nexus during urban flooding. The integration of BIM, GIS and DCEs constitutes a new modeling paradigm which is expected to provide an effective avenue to formalize the collaborative effort between different infrastructure stakeholders not to mention about its ability to intelligently generate reliable and high-resolution vulnerability assessment results.

气候变化导致基础设施系统面临前所未有的挑战。在危害发生之前识别基础设施漏洞至关重要，因为它可以帮助最大程度地减少不利后果。但是，调查单个基础架构系统的漏洞是近视的，因为它忽略了联网基础架构系统之间的相互依赖性。不同基础架构系统的所有者和运营商应合作，从系统角度出发，针对各种危害类型识别基础架构漏洞。但是，对相互依赖的基础架构系统进行系统的高分辨率漏洞评估需要通用的数据和计算资源。虽然开发大型软件来评估基础架构漏洞成本高昂且资源丰富，但是可以同步可用的工具包，例如建筑信息模型（BIM），地理信息系统（GIS）和特定领域的计算引擎（DCE）来执行跨学科基础设施漏洞评估。本文提出了一种集成的BIM-GIS-DCE方法，以促进基于系统的基础架构漏洞评估。拟议的方法由以下关键组成部分组成：（i）从BIM模型中获取建筑物信息；（ii）使用DCE进行基于物理的灾前基础和灾后基础设施性能模拟；以及（iii）数据集成和地理空间分析以用于决策在GIS平台上。在建议的方法中，BIM提供了建筑元素对危害敏感的特性，而DCE根据预先确定的基于物理的运行方式来模拟发生危害之前和之后的基础设施性能。本质上，GIS存储来自异构源的数据，并在不同基础结构域的仿真工具之间中介语义映射。GIS中的嵌入式地理空间分析功能有助于调查基础架构系统中的易受害组件，以及社区范围内的预期危害。在城市洪水期间，通过雨水排水-建筑-道路运输联系证明了这种综合方法的有效性。BIM的整合，