The sustainable management of green spaces in cities is crucial in achieving the challenging goal of urban sustainability. The common practice of cultivation of alien plants in urban green spaces is often associated with risk of naturalisation (i.e. escape into wild), which can have sometime adverse impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. To mitigate these risks, understanding patterns and processes of naturalisation of alien flora in urban green spaces becomes crucial. Here we report the floristic diversity of alien flora and correlates of its naturalisation in the green spaces of Srinagar city – one of the largest urban centres in the Himalaya. We documented 342 plant species belonging to 66 families from the green spaces of Srinagar, predominantly represented by 245 alien species (72%). Among the alien species pool, 133 species (54%) are exclusively under cultivation (non-escapes) and 112 species (46%) grow in the wild (cultivation escapes and accidentally introduced species); and of the latter, 51 were naturalised, 39 casual and 22 invasive. The cultivated alien species escaped into the wild belong to 27 families, and most prominently to the Asteraceae. Habitat-wise, plant dumping sites in the green spaces constituted the most dominant habitat of cultivation escapes. A significant relationship was revealed between the proportion of aliens under cultivation and species traits such as growth form, life span and residence time; and plant species with herbaceous growth form, annual life span and relatively longer residence time showed higher proportion of naturalisation. We found a significant correlation between abundance of the cultivation escapes and residence time (r = 0.507). The present study has generated policy-relevant data on urban green spaces of Srinagar, which can support policy regulations to steer the sustainable development of this rapidly urbanising Himalayan city.

城市绿地的可持续管理对于实现城市可持续性这一具有挑战性的目标至关重要。在城市绿地中种植外来植物的通常做法通常与归化的风险（即逃到野外）有关，这有时会对生物多样性和生态系统服务产生不利影响。为了减轻这些风险，了解城市绿地中外来植物的归化模式和过程变得至关重要。在这里，我们报告了外来植物区系的植物多样性及其在斯利那加市绿地中的归化关系。斯利那加市是喜马拉雅山最大的城市中心之一。我们记录了来自斯利那加（Srinagar）绿地的66个科的342种植物，主要​​由245种外来物种（72％）代表。在外来物种库中，仅有133种（54％）仅在种植中（非逃逸），而在野生环境中有112种（46％）在种植（逃逸和偶然引入的物种）；后者中有51项归化，39项是临时性和22项是侵入性的。逃到野外的栽培外来物种共有27个科，最主要的是菊科。在人居方面，绿色空间中的植物倾倒场所是耕种逃逸场所最主要的栖息地。在外来物种的种植比例和物种特征（例如生长形式，寿命和居住时间）之间存在显着的关系。具有草本生长形式，年生寿命和相对较长停留时间的植物物种的归化比例更高。我们发现耕种逃逸的丰度与停留时间之间存在显着相关性（r = 0.507）。本研究生成了斯利那加城市绿地的政策相关数据，可以支持政策法规来指导这座快速城市化的喜马拉雅城市的可持续发展。