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Role of external inputs of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems in determining prevalence of nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity
Biogeochemistry ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10533-021-00765-z
R. W. Howarth , F. Chan , D. P. Swaney , R. M. Marino , M. Hayn

Whether net primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem is limited by nitrogen (N), limited by phosphorus (P), or co-limited by N & P is determined by the relative supply of N and P to phytoplankton compared to their elemental requirements for primary production, often characterized by the “Redfield” ratio. The supply of these essential nutrients is affected by both external inputs and biogeochemical processes within the ecosystem. In this paper, we examine external sources of nutrients to aquatic systems and how the balance of N to P inputs influences nutrient limitation. For ocean subtropical gyres, a relatively balanced input of N and P relative to the Redfield ratio from deep ocean sources often leads to near co-limitation by N and P. For lakes, the external nutrient inputs come largely from watershed sources, and we demonstrate that on average the N:P ratio for these inputs across the United States is well above that needed by phytoplankton, which may contribute to P limitation in those lake that experience this average nutrient loading. Watershed inputs are also important for estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems, but ocean sources of nutrients are also significant contributors to overall nutrient loads. The ocean-nutrient sources of N and P are very often at or below the Redfield ratio of 16:1 molar, and can be substantially so, particularly in areas where the continental shelf is wide. This large input of coastal ocean nutrients with a low N:P ratio is one factor that may make N limitation more likely in many coastal marine ecosystems than in lakes.



中文翻译:

营养素对水生生态系统的外部输入在确定氮与磷的净初级生产力限制中的作用

水生生态系统的净初级生产力是受氮(N)限制,受磷(P)限制还是受N&P共同限制,取决于氮和磷对浮游植物的相对供给,而不是其对初级元素的基本需求生产,通常以“ Redfield”比率为特征。这些必需营养素的供应受到生态系统内部外部投入和生物地球化学过程的影响。在本文中,我们研究了水生系统养分的外部来源以及氮磷输入的平衡如何影响养分限制。对于海洋亚热带回旋带,相对于来自深海源的雷德菲尔德比率,N和P的相对平衡的输入通常会导致N和P的共同限制。对于湖泊,外部养分输入主要来自分水岭源,并且我们证明,在美国,这些投入的平均N:P比率远高于浮游植物所需的比率,这可能会导致那些经历这种平均养分含量的湖泊中的P限制。流域投入对于河口和沿海海洋生态系统也很重要,但是海洋养分的来源也对总养分负荷起到重要作用。N和P的海洋养分来源通常等于或低于Redfield比例为16:1摩尔,并且可以如此,特别是在大陆架较宽的地区。N:P比率低的大量沿海海洋养分输入是使许多沿海海洋生态系统比湖泊中更有可能限制N的因素之一。在美国,这些投入的磷比率远高于浮游植物所需的磷比率,这可能会导致那些经历这种平均养分含量的湖泊中磷的限制。流域投入对于河口和沿海海洋生态系统也很重要,但是海洋养分的来源也对总养分负荷起到重要作用。N和P的海洋养分来源通常等于或低于Redfield比例为16:1摩尔,并且可以如此,特别是在大陆架较宽的地区。N:P比例低的大量沿海海洋养分输入是使得许多沿海海洋生态系统比湖泊更有可能限制N的因素之一。在美国,这些投入的磷比率远高于浮游植物所需的磷比率,这可能会导致那些经历这种平均养分含量的湖泊中磷的限制。流域投入对于河口和沿海海洋生态系统也很重要,但是海洋养分的来源也对总养分负荷起到重要作用。N和P的海洋养分来源通常等于或低于Redfield比例为16:1摩尔,并且可以如此,特别是在大陆架较宽的地区。N:P比率低的大量沿海海洋养分输入是使许多沿海海洋生态系统比湖泊中更有可能限制N的因素之一。流域投入对于河口和沿海海洋生态系统也很重要,但是海洋养分的来源也对总养分负荷起到重要作用。N和P的海洋养分来源通常等于或低于Redfield比例为16:1摩尔,并且可以如此,特别是在大陆架较宽的地区。N:P比率低的大量沿海海洋养分输入是使许多沿海海洋生态系统比湖泊中更有可能限制N的因素之一。流域投入对于河口和沿海海洋生态系统也很重要,但是海洋养分的来源也对总养分负荷起到重要作用。N和P的海洋养分来源通常等于或低于Redfield比例为16:1摩尔,并且可以如此,特别是在大陆架较宽的地区。N:P比率低的大量沿海海洋养分输入是使许多沿海海洋生态系统比湖泊中更有可能限制N的因素之一。

更新日期:2021-02-17
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