In this paper I offer a comprehensive study of two stories told in Ovid’s Metamorphoses 3 and 4, each about the meeting between a boy (Narcissus/Hermaphroditus) and a nymph (Echo/Salmacis), consumed with desire at first glance. In both passages Ovid uses a narrative pattern recurring in many erotic tales of the Metamorphoses with male and female protagonists: the sudden sight of an erotically attractive young individual, followed by violent desire, declaration of love in vain, and attempted rape. Since the 1964 study of Hugh Parry,1 violence and rape2 in Ovid’s Metamorphoses have received serious scholarly attention. In the United States there is an ongoing debate on whether and how it is even possible to teach Ovid today, since his vivid depictions of rape and sexual assaults may be offensive for some students.3 Although I will not discuss this particular issue, it seems important to keep in mind that Ovid is the ancient author most interested in examining erotic feelings and sexual situations from a female perspective. In my opinion, the two passages I compare typify Ovid’s personal, authorial choice to empathize with women’s point of view and behavior by giving literary space to a female voice.4 I would argue that Ovid has derived the idea of constructing two parallel stories about erotically desirous nymphs, Echo and Salmacis, from Propertius 1.20. In this text Propertius provides the exemplum of mythical Hylas’s rape to support advice given to his friend, Gallus, about Gallus’s beloved, also named Hylas: huic . . . / nympharum semper cupidas defende rapinas (Ward off from him the ever lustful abductions by nymphs, 7.11). In both narratives, Ovid refers, through a wide range of textual echoes, to various passages from Propertius 1.20. Propertius is only interested in the masculine point of view. He describes in detail the sexual advances of Boreas’s sons, Hylas’s fascination for his own image seen in the water, and Hercules’ despair after Hylas’s abduction. Only at the end, and very briefly, does Propertius mention the kidnapping of the boy by the lustful 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 S39 R40

中文翻译：

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女性中的欲望和强奸：Echo 和 Salmacis 的故事：对 Propertius 1.20 的 Ovidian 回答？

在这篇论文中，我对奥维德的变形记 3 和 4 中讲述的两个故事进行了全面的研究，每个故事都讲述了一个男孩（水仙/雌雄同体）和一个若虫（回声/萨尔马西斯）之间的相遇，乍一看被欲望吞噬。在这两段中，奥维德都使用了在变形记的许多情色故事中反复出现的叙事模式，男女主人公：一个充满情色魅力的年轻人的突然出现，随后是强烈的欲望，徒劳的爱的宣言和强奸未遂。自 1964 年对休·帕里 (Hugh Parry) 的研究以来，奥维德的《变形记》1 中的暴力和强奸2 就受到了学术界的认真关注。在美国，关于今天是否以及如何教授奥维德的争论正在进行中，因为他对强奸和性侵犯的生动描述可能会冒犯一些学生。3 虽然我不会讨论这个特定的问题，但重要的是要记住，奥维德是最有兴趣从女性角度研究色情感受和性情境的古代作家。在我看来，我比较的两段文字代表了奥维德个人的、作者选择通过为女性声音提供文学空间来同情女性的观点和行为。 4 我认为奥维德的想法是构建两个关于色情的平行故事渴望的若虫，Echo 和 Salmacis，来自 Propertius 1.20。在本文中，Propertius 提供了神话中 Hylas 被强奸的例子，以支持向他的朋友 Gallus 提供的关于 Gallus 的挚爱，也叫 Hylas： huic 的建议。. . / nympharum semper cupidas 为 rapinas 辩护（阻止他被若虫永远淫荡的绑架，7.11）。在两种叙述中，Ovid 通过广泛的文本回声引用了 Propertius 1.20 中的各种段落。Propertius 只对男性观点感兴趣。他详细描述了波瑞亚斯儿子的性挑逗、海拉斯对自己在水中看到的形象的迷恋，以及海拉斯被绑架后赫拉克勒斯的绝望。普罗佩修斯只是在最后，非常简短地提到了男孩被好色的绑架 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 29 20 20 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 S39 R40