Purpose Entrepreneurs can easily slide into severe economic crises (Fichman and Levinthal, 1991), in particular in the first years after founding. Additionally, research shows that entrepreneurs often lack a realistic evaluation of the entrepreneurial risks and barriers. Referring to research on cognitive and networked expertise (Ericsson et al., 2006; Hakkarainen et al., 2004), recognising and reflecting on potential failure may help to prevent or manage upcoming crises (Mitchell et al., 2008). Thus, this paper aims to test whether assessing upcoming crises in a new venture varies along with the level of entrepreneurial expertise. Design/methodology/approach In a cross-sectional design with three subgroups (start-up consultants, entrepreneurs and students), this study evaluated critical incidents that have already been validated as likely to emerge in the post-formation phase (Heinrichs and Jacklin, 2017). Entrepreneurial expertise was measured by seven indicators, chosen based on the approaches of cognitive and networked expertise. Findings By applying latent profile analyses, the participants were grouped along these indicators of expertise in three levels. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the profiles in perceiving critical incidents. Experts rated the incidents significantly higher than semi-experts and novices towards indicating financial risks (medium effect) and the probability that the entrepreneur could manage the upcoming crises (large effect). Originality/value The results call for developing and evaluating interventions, e.g. case-oriented entrepreneurship education courses (Heinrichs, 2016), that foster future entrepreneurs’ expertise in perceiving and managing entrepreneurial risks to prevent entrepreneurial failure.

中文翻译：

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在形成后阶段评估重大事件：关于企业专业知识？

目的企业家很容易陷入严重的经济危机（Fichman和Levinthal，1991年），尤其是在成立后的最初几年。此外，研究表明，企业家通常缺乏对企业家风险和障碍的现实评估。参考关于认知和网络专业知识的研究（Ericsson等，2006； Hakkarainen等，2004），认识并反思潜在的失败可能有助于预防或处理即将来临的危机（Mitchell等，2008）。因此，本文旨在测试评估新企业中即将发生的危机是否随企业家专业水平的变化而变化。设计/方法/方法在一个包含三个子组（初创顾问，企业家和学生）的横断面设计中，这项研究评估了已被确认可能在形成后阶段出现的重大事件（Heinrichs和Jacklin，2017）。企业家专业知识是根据认知和网络专业知识的方法选择的七个指标来衡量的。结果通过应用潜在特征分析，将参与者按照这些专业知识指标分为三个级别。方差分析显示，在感知关键事件方面，配置文件之间存在显着差异。专家对事件的评级在指示财务风险（中等影响）和企业家能够应对即将来临的危机的可能性（重大影响）方面，比半专家和新手要高得多。创意/价值结果要求制定和评估干预措施，例如