The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the duration of breastfeeding varies between shortening and no impact. Breastfeeding seems to reduce both maternal and offspring risk for type 2 diabetes and offspring risk for overweight or obesity later in life. The aim of our study was to evaluate in primiparous women whether GDM had an influence on the duration of breastfeeding, and further, to evaluate the factors that influenced on the duration of breastfeeding. The study cohort (N = 1089) consisted of all primiparous women with a Finnish background excluding women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus who lived in the city of Vantaa, Finland, gave birth to a singleton living child between 2009 and 2015, and with valid data on breastfeeding available. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a standard 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Data were obtained from Finnish national registers and from the medical records of the city of Vantaa. No differences were observed in the duration of breastfeeding between women diagnosed with GDM and without GDM, 7.5 (Standard Deviation [SD] 3.7) months versus 7.9 (SD 3.5) months (p = 0.17). Women diagnosed with GDM breastfed boys for a longer duration than girls (maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, marital status, educational attainment, duration of pregnancy, and smoking habits adjusted p = 0.042). Women who breastfed < 6 months were younger, were more likely smokers, had shorter education, and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index than women who breastfed over 6 months (p < 0.001 for linearity). In primiparous women GDM did not influence breastfeeding duration. The positive health effects of breastfeeding should be emphasized especially in young, overweight and less educated women in order to minimize the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes for themselves and their offspring.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期糖尿病对初产妇母乳喂养持续时间的影响：一项观察性队列研究

妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 对母乳喂养持续时间的影响在缩短和没有影响之间变化。母乳喂养似乎可以降低母体和后代患 2 型糖尿病的风险以及后代晚年超重或肥胖的风险。我们研究的目的是评估初产妇女 GDM 是否对母乳喂养持续时间有影响，并进一步评估影响母乳喂养持续时间的因素。研究队列 (N = 1089) 由所有具有芬兰背景的初产妇女组成，不包括居住在芬兰万塔市、在 2009 年至 2015 年期间生下单胎活儿的患有糖尿病的妇女可获得有关母乳喂养的数据。GDM 的诊断基于标准的 75 g 2-h 口服葡萄糖耐量试验。数据来自芬兰国家登记册和万塔市的医疗记录。在诊断为 GDM 和未诊断 GDM 的女性之间，母乳喂养持续时间未观察到差异，分别为 7.5（标准偏差 [SD] 3.7）个月和 7.9（SD 3.5）个月（p = 0.17）。诊断为 GDM 的女性母乳喂养男孩的持续时间比女孩长（产妇年龄、孕前体重指数、婚姻状况、教育程度、怀孕持续时间和吸烟习惯调整后 p = 0.042）。与母乳喂养超过 6 个月的女性相比，母乳喂养 < 6 个月的女性更年轻、更可能吸烟、受教育时间更短、孕前体重指数更高（线性 p < 0.001）。在初产妇女中，GDM 不影响母乳喂养持续时间。