Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first 6 months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January to May 2018, on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. E Exclusive breastfeeding’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–2.56) and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for 6 months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for 6 months. The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

中文翻译：

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南非东开普省接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的母亲纯母乳喂养实践的社会人口学和生活方式相关性

纯母乳喂养 (EBF) 与减少产后 HIV 传播和最佳婴儿生长有关。鉴于影响纯母乳喂养的因素是多因素和特定环境的，我们研究了南非东开普省接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的母亲在前 6 个月内进行纯母乳喂养的流行率和相关因素。这是一项横断面研究，于 2018 年 1 月至 5 月期间对东开普省参加预防母婴 HIV 传播队列研究的 469 名产妇进行。母亲被要求回忆他们是否从出生时就完全用母乳喂养婴儿，如果是，请说明他们做了多长时间。我们通过访谈收集了相关的社会人口、生活方式和孕产妇信息。拟合双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定与纯母乳喂养实践相关的社会人口统计学和生活方式因素。从出生开始测量的六个月纯母乳喂养的流行率为 32.0%。E 纯母乳喂养在已婚妇女 (36.8%)、失业妇女 (36.6%)、非吸烟者 (32.7%) 和从不喝酒 (37.0%) 中的流行率显着更高。失业女性（调整后的优势比 [AOR] 1.66，95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.08-2.56）和 12 年级或以下教育水平的女性（AOR 2.76，95% CI 1.02-7.49）有更高的可能性进行 EBF出生后 6 个月，而饮酒的母亲（AOR 0.54，95% CI 0.34–0.85）在 6 个月内不太可能练习 EBF。研究中六个月纯母乳喂养的流行率，尽管与撒哈拉以南非洲和全球流行率相当，但仍不理想。关于 EBF 的宣传活动必须以戒酒和为哺乳期母亲创造有利的工作环境为目标。