A recurrent question is whether Islamist parties surreptitiously capitalize on political change to weaken or establish their own authoritarianism. In this article, we contend that the answer to this question depends largely on how ruling elites in authoritarian systems structure and manage the Islamist marketplace, thus affecting the position of Islam in politics and society. In our comparative analysis of Tunisia and Algeria, we distinguish between a state‐dominated Islamist marketplace and a managed, open, pluralist Islamist marketplace. We postulate that Islamist parties in monopolized Islamist marketplaces are more likely to gain ground when they challenge authoritarianism. Thus, the marginalization/repression of Islamist political parties cannot, nor should it, seek to eliminate Islamist sentiments, while the opening of an Islamist pluralist marketplace is less likely to produce a hegemonic Islamist political party. The analysis of the trajectories of the Islamist movements informs on the management of Islamism and provides lessons for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and, conceivably, Islamic States elsewhere. Therefore, both policy makers and academics should renounce “de‐Islamizing” an Islamic society and focus instead on judicious approaches to managing Islamism in Muslim‐dominated societies and integrating Islamist parties into a democratic polity.

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抵制变化：突尼斯和阿尔及利亚管理伊斯兰

一个经常出现的问题是，伊斯兰政党是否暗中利用政治变革来削弱或建立自己的威权主义。在本文中，我们认为，这个问题的答案很大程度上取决于统治精英在威权体系中如何组织和管理伊斯兰市场，从而影响伊斯兰在政治和社会中的地位。在对突尼斯和阿尔及利亚的比较分析中，我们区分了国家主导的伊斯兰市场和有管理的，开放的，多元化的伊斯兰市场。我们假设在垄断的伊斯兰市场中的伊斯兰政党在挑战威权主义时更有可能获得发展。因此，伊斯兰政党的边缘化/镇压既不能也不应该消除伊斯兰的情绪，而开放伊斯兰多元市场的可能性较小，不会产生一个霸权的伊斯兰政党。对伊斯兰运动轨迹的分析为伊斯兰主义的管理提供了信息，并为中东和北非（MENA）以及其他地方的伊斯兰国家提供了教训。因此，政策制定者和学者都应该放弃对伊斯兰社会的“去伊斯兰化”，而应着眼于在穆斯林主导的社会中管理伊斯兰的明智方法，并将伊斯兰政党纳入民主政体。