Rural state and tribal court judges in the upper US Midwest offer an embodied alternative to prevailing understandings of “access to justice.” Owing to the high density of social acquaintanceship, coupled with the rise in unrepresented litigants and the impossibility of most proposed state access to justice initiatives, what ultimately makes a rural courtroom accessible to parties without counsel is the judge. I draw on over four years of ethnographic fieldwork and an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to illuminate the lived consequences and global implications of judges' responses, which can be read as grassroots‐level creativity, as resistance, or simply as “getting by.”

中文翻译：

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论共同的苦难：北国农村的司法亲密关系

美国中西部上层的农村州和部落法院法官提供了一种替代性的选择，可以替代对“诉诸司法”的普遍理解。由于社会相识的高度密集，再加上无律师代表的诉讼人的增加以及大多数提议的国家无法诉诸司法举措，最终使没有律师的当事方可进入农村法庭的是法官。我借鉴了超过四年的人种学田野调查和跨学科的理论框架，以阐明法官回应的真实后果和全球影响，这些理解可以理解为基层的创造力，抵抗力或简称为“获得通过”。