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Sedimentation and environmental dynamics of the Tunka rift valley (Baikal region) in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene based on the analysis of lithological and rock magnetic properties of the deposits from Upper Paleolithic sites
Archaeological Research in Asia Pub Date : 2021-02-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2021.100266
Galina G. Matasova , Alexey Yu. Kazansky , Alexander A. Shchetnikov , Ivan A. Filinov , Natalia E. Berdnikova , Ivan M. Berdnikov

The Tunka depression is a valley in the Baikal rift system. It contains several Paleolithic archaeological sites, however, the number of finds varies sharply across the different sections of the valley. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the natural environment and sedimentation conditions of Upper Paleolithic deposits in the Tunka valley and to explore the effects of these conditions on the prehistoric humans that peopled the landscape. A total of 923 samples from 6 section sites (with different geological structure, thickness of layers, and geomorphological position) were evaluated for grain size and rock magnetic properties. The age of all sections is supported by 14C and TL dates. Sedimentation at Belyi Yar 1 and Belyi Yar 2 is characterized by high deposition rates and a large influx of loose sedimentary material due to catastrophic floods that prevented soil formation and resulted in unsuitable conditions for the habitation of prehistoric humans. Sedimentation rates at the Shimki site (which has not yet yielded archaeological finds) were also high but the presence of paleosol horizons indicates milder environmental conditions. The numerous archaeological finds at the Tuyana site, located at the highest geographical altitude, are explained by the features of the sedimentary environment: low sedimentary input, well-developed buried soils and a lack of signs indicating catastrophic flood. The Zaktui site, with its lower altitude, is characterized by less suitable conditions for human habitation which also explains the restricted number of archaeological finds in the section. An intermediate position is occupied by the Slavin Yar section, where sedimentation rates were higher than at Zaktui or Tuyana and paleosol horizons are quite well developed, but poor archaeological finds are explained by the influence of catastrophic floods. The integration of the studied parameters helps to reconstruct different sedimentary conditions in the explored sites of the Tunka depression and to estimate their suitability for prehistoric human habitation.



中文翻译:

基于上古石器时代遗址沉积物的岩性和岩石磁学特征分析,晚更新世-全新世的通卡裂谷(贝加尔河地区)的沉积和环境动力学

通卡洼地是贝加尔湖裂谷系统中的一个山谷。它包含了几个旧石器时代的考古遗址,但是,发现的数量在整个山谷的不同区域之间差异很大。这项研究的目的是重建通卡河谷上古石器时代沉积的自然环境和沉积条件,并探讨这些条件对史前人类景观的影响。评估了来自6个剖面地点(具有不同的地质结构,层厚度和地貌位置)的923个样品的晶粒尺寸和岩石磁性能。所有部分的年龄受14支持C和TL日期。Belyi Yar 1和Belyi Yar 2的沉积物的特点是高沉积速率和大量的疏松沉积物流入,这是由于灾难性洪灾阻止了土壤形成并导致了史前人类居住条件的不适当。Shimki遗址(尚未获得考古发现)的沉积率也很高,但古土壤层的存在表明环境条件较为温和。图亚纳遗址上的许多考古发现位于最高的地理高度,其解释是沉积环境的特征:沉积物输入量低,埋藏的土壤发达以及缺乏指示灾难性洪水的迹象。Zaktui地点海拔较低,其特点是不适合人类居住,这也解释了该部分的考古发现数量有限。Slavin Yar段处于中间位置,那里的沉积速率比Zaktui或Tuyana的高,古土壤层发育得很好,但考古发现不佳是由灾难性洪水的影响所解释的。所研究参数的整合有助于在通卡凹陷的勘探地点重建不同的沉积条件,并评估其对史前人类居住的适用性。但是考古发现不佳的原因是灾难性洪水的影响。所研究参数的整合有助于在通卡凹陷的勘探地点重建不同的沉积条件,并评估其对史前人类居住的适用性。但是考古发现不佳的原因是灾难性洪水的影响。所研究参数的整合有助于在通卡凹陷的勘探地点重建不同的沉积条件,并评估其对史前人类居住的适用性。

更新日期:2021-02-16
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