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Can Animals Refer? Meta-Positioning Studies of Animal Semantics
Biosemiotics ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s12304-021-09401-7
Sigmund Ongstad

This meta-study applies a socio-semiotic framework combining five basic communicational aspects, form, content, act, time, and space, developed to help answering the question Can animals refer? It further operates with four levels, sign, utterance, genre, and lifeworld, studying relations between utterance and genre in particular. Semantic key terms found in an excerpted ‘resource collection’ consisting of three anthologies, two academic journals, and a monography, studying content in animal communication, are inspected, and discussed, especially information, functional reference, and reference. Since a temporary inspection concluded that the field seems unable to give convincing joint answers, the scope of the meta-study was extended to include critical investigations of implicit communicational epistemologies applied in the sources. Two major challenges were brought to surface. Firstly, the problem of conflicting interrelatedness in animal utterances (parts versus whole). Positioning analyses revealed that theories and project-designs were mostly dyadic, prioritising form/content, content/function, or function/form, and rarely form/content/function, as a whole. The second concerned the issue of functional openness of animal communication systems. The meta-study found that more recent studies tend to reduce an essentialist search for ‘clear’ categories in favor of more complex designs, where focus is less on references in utterances as such and more on a species’ communicational system. This shift in turn leads to a problematisation of the role of context, kinds of communication (life-genres) and semantic levels in animal utterances, in other words, on animal communication for particular species as a whole.



中文翻译:

动物可以参考吗?动物语义学的元定位研究

本元研究应用了一种社会符号学框架,该框架结合了五个基本的交流方面,即形式,内容,行为,时间和空间,旨在帮助回答动物可以参考的问题它进一步以符号,话语,体裁和生活世界四个层次运作,特别研究话语与体裁之间的关系。检查并讨论了在摘录的“资源集合”中找到的语义关键术语,这些资源包括三种选集,两种学术期刊和一部专着,研究动物传播的内容,尤其是信息,功能参考和参考。由于临时检查得出结论,该领域似乎无法给出令人信服的联合答案,因此元研究的范围已扩展至包括对源中隐含的交流认识论进行的批判性研究。面临两个主要挑战。首先,动物话语(部分与整体)相互关联的问题相互矛盾。定位分析表明,理论和项目设计大多是二元的,它们优先考虑形式/内容,内容/功能或功能/形式,而很少将形式/内容/功能作为一个整体。第二个问题涉及动物交流系统的功能开放性问题。该元研究发现,最近的研究倾向于减少对“清晰”类别的本质主义搜索,而倾向于更复杂的设计,在这种设计中,关注点较少是诸如此类的话语,而更多地是关注物种的交流系统。这种转变反过来导致在动物话语中换句话说,环境,交流种类(生命流派)和语义水平的作用出现了问题,换句话说,就是整个特定物种的动物交流。整体上很少出现形式/内容/功能。第二个问题涉及动物交流系统的功能开放性问题。该元研究发现,最近的研究倾向于减少对“清晰”类别的本质主义搜索,而倾向于更复杂的设计,在这种设计中,关注点较少是诸如此类的话语,而更多地是关注物种的交流系统。这种转变反过来导致在动物话语中换句话说,环境,交流种类(生命流派)和语义水平的作用出现了问题,换句话说,就是整个特定物种的动物交流。整体上很少出现形式/内容/功能。第二个问题涉及动物交流系统的功能开放性问题。该元研究发现,最近的研究倾向于减少对“清晰”类别的本质主义搜索,而倾向于更复杂的设计,在这种设计中,关注点较少是诸如此类的话语,而更多地是关注物种的交流系统。这种转变反过来导致在动物话语中换句话说,环境,交流种类(生命流派)和语义水平的作用出现了问题,换句话说,就是整个特定物种的动物交流。在这种情况下,重点较少放在话语参考上,而更多地放在物种的交流系统上。这种转变反过来导致在动物话语中换句话说,环境,交流种类(生命流派)和语义水平的作用出现了问题,换句话说,就是整个特定物种的动物交流。在这种情况下,重点较少放在话语参考上,而更多地放在物种的交流系统上。这种转变反过来导致在动物话语中换句话说,环境,交流种类(生命流派)和语义水平的作用出现了问题,换句话说,就是整个特定物种的动物交流。

更新日期:2021-02-16
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