The author develops a conceptual framework that defines characteristics of critically conscious institutions and proposes their effectiveness in the promotion and strengthening of resilience in black students. Black students’ development within an anti-black society is framed as a sustained and continuous adversity, and this article expands the critical consciousness conversation by shifting the focus from changes in student characteristics to institutional change, mirroring the shift in resilience literature from a critique of individuals’ characteristics to a critique of the interactions between individuals and the proximal and distal environments with which they engage.

作者开发了一个概念框架，该框架定义了具有批判意识的机构的特征，并提出了其在促进和增强黑人学生的适应能力方面的有效性。黑人学生在反黑人社会​​中的发展被定义为持续不断的逆境，本文通过将重点从学生特征的变化转移到制度变迁，扩大了批判意识对话，反映了复原力文学从批评的转变。个体的特征来批评个体与他们所参与的近端和远端环境之间的相互作用。