In 1992, the US military withdrew from its bases in the Philippines. But they left behind environmental toxins that continue to pollute the land and people. Why was the US military able to leave without cleaning up this environmental damage? What can the environment tell us about the broader Philippine–US relationship? In this article I analyse a 2002 class action lawsuit against the United States regarding environmental damages caused by the US military. I argue that at the heart of these legal arguments are different understandings of time and history, what I call a contractual timescape versus a stewardship timescape.

中文翻译：

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契约与管理时间格局：美菲环境冲突与谈判的文化逻辑

1992年，美军撤出其在菲律宾的基地。但他们留下了继续污染土地和人民的环境毒素。为什么美军能够在不清理这种环境破坏的情况下离开？关于更广泛的菲美关系，环境能告诉我们什么？在本文中，我分析了 2002 年针对美国提起的关于美军造成的环境损害的集体诉讼。我认为，这些法律论点的核心是对时间和历史的不同理解，我称之为合同时间景观与管理时间景观。