ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) on soil fertility and rice production in double rice cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted including the following six treatments: Ck (no NPK mineral fertilizer and no CMV), CMV0 (NPK mineral fertilizer and no CMV), and CMV1–4 (NPK mineral fertilizer and 7500 kg ha⁻¹ CMV, 15,000 kg ha⁻¹ CMV, 22,500 kg ha⁻¹ CMV, 30,000 kg ha⁻¹ CMV) from 2008 to 2018. The results showed that the application of CMV enhanced the organic matter, the total nitrogen, the available phosphorus, pH, and enzyme activities (except for the cellulase) in paddy soils. The organic matter and total nitrogen of CMV3 were increased by 15.99% and 8.07% compared with CMV0 and the increase rate of the organic matter and total nitrogen was by an average of 0.413 and 0.029 g kg⁻¹ per year compared with the initial soil, respectively. The CMV return also improved the enzyme activities (except for the cellulase). Meanwhile, the CMV returned to soil increased dramatically the yields of early rice, late rice, and double rice by 13.46%-26.23%, 13.63%-20.84%, and 13.55%-25.76% compared with CMV0, respectively. The yields of early rice, late rice, and double rice of the CMV3 were highest among all the treatments. The application of CMV improved the agronomic efficiency (AE) and the partial factor productivity (PFP), especially for CMV3. The AE and PFP values of double rice for CMV3 increased by 64.54% and 25.76%, respectively. The application of CMV also increased the sustainability index and reduced the coefficient of variation of the rice yields. In addition, there was negative linear relationship between the amount of CMV needed to generate higher yields of double rice and the years of CMV application. In conclusion, CMV addition at 15,000–22,500 kg ha⁻¹ combined with mineral fertilizer had beneficial effects on the productivity, the stability of rice yield as well as the fertilizer efficiency in double rice cropping system.

摘要

这项研究旨在探讨紫云英（CMV）对双季稻种植系统中土壤肥力和水稻生产的影响。进行了包括以下六种处理的现场试验：Ck（无NPK矿物肥料和CMV），CMV0（NPK矿物肥料和CMV）和CMV1-4（NPK矿物肥料和7500 kg ^-1 ha CMV，15,000 kg） ha ^-1 CMV，22,500公斤ha ^-1 CMV，30,000公斤ha ^-1CMV）从2008年到2018年。结果表明，CMV的使用可以提高稻田土壤中的有机质，总氮，有效磷，pH和酶活（纤维素酶除外）。与CMV0相比，CMV3的有机物和总氮增加了15.99％和8.07％，有机物和总氮的增加率分别为0.413和0.029 g kg ^-1分别与最初的土壤相比。CMV的返回还提高了酶的活性（纤维素酶除外）。同时，与CMV0相比，返回土壤的CMV分别显着提高了早稻，晚稻和复稻的产量，分别提高了13.46％-26.23％，13.63％-20.84％和13.55％-25.76％。在所有处理中，CMV3的早稻，晚稻和复稻产量最高。CMV的应用提高了农艺效率（AE）和部分因子生产率（PFP），尤其是对于CMV3。双水稻对CMV3的AE和PFP值分别增加了64.54％和25.76％。CMV的应用还提高了可持续性指数，并降低了水稻产量的变异系数。此外，高产双稻所需要的CMV量与CMV施用年限之间存在负线性关系。总之，CMV的添加量为15,000–22,500 kg公顷^-1配合矿物肥料对双季稻种植系统的生产率，水稻产量的稳定性以及肥料效率具有有益的影响。