Objective To investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the abundance and diversity of blood microbiota. Methods and Materials Twenty-seven periodontitis patients were randomly allocated to a control group (A) and two test groups (B1 and B2). Group A patients received full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), group B1 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing (GAP) right after SRP, and group B2 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing right before SRP. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at the baseline, the day after periodontal treatment, and 6 weeks after treatment and evaluated using nested polymerase chain reaction and 16SrRNA Gene Sequencing (Miseq platform). Results All participants exhibited significant improvements in the clinical parameters evaluated at the 6-week follow-up visit compared to the values at the baseline, but no significant differences were observed between the three groups. The total bacterial count was lowest in group B2. The bacterial species diversity (α-diversity) in group B1 was significantly higher (Chao-1 index, P = 0.03) and Porphyromonas and Pantoea were the dominant genera (linear discriminant analysis (LDA > 2)) in this group the day after treatment compared to the baseline. No significant difference was detected in the relative abundance and α-diversity of blood microbiota between the baseline and 6 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Local periodontal treatment merely disrupts the stability of blood microbiota in the short term. Periodontitis treatment using full-mouth SRP followed by adjunctive GAP is a promising approach to reduce the introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream during the procedure.

中文翻译：

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牙周治疗对血液微生物群的影响：一项临床试验

目的探讨牙周治疗对血液微生物群丰度和多样性的影响。方法和材料 27 名牙周炎患者被随机分配到对照组（A）和两个试验组（B1 和 B2）。A组患者接受全口洁治和根面平整（SRP），B1组患者在SRP后立即接受龈下甘氨酸空气抛光（GAP），B2组患者在SRP前接受龈下甘氨酸空气抛光。在基线、牙周治疗后的第二天和治疗后 6 周获得外周血样本，并使用巢式聚合酶链反应和 16SrRNA 基因测序（Miseq 平台）进行评估。结果 与基线值相比，所有参与者在 6 周随访时评估的临床参数均表现出显着改善，但三组之间未观察到显着差异。B2组细菌总数最低。B1组细菌物种多样性（α-diversity）显着升高（Chao-1指数，P=0.03），处理后次日本组以卟啉单胞菌属和泛菌属为优势属（线性判别分析（LDA>2））与基线相比。在基线和治疗后 6 周之间，血液微生物群的相对丰度和 α-多样性没有显着差异。结论局部牙周治疗在短期内只会破坏血液微生物群的稳定性。