The main event responsible for the deposition of tungsten at Panasqueira was closely associated with strong tourmalinization of the wall rocks. Tourmaline is coeval with a W-rich rutile (up to 8-10 18 wt% W) and both minerals record an early introduction of W in the system, just before the main W deposition. Uranium-Pb dating of the rutile by LA-ICP-MS yielded an age of 305.2±5.7 Ma, which is 6-10 Ma older than the K-Ar age of 296.3±1.2 Ma obtained on muscovite, which was therefore not coeval of wolframite. Major and trace element concentration variations in tourmaline record fluid mixing between two end-members, both considered to be of metamorphic derivation on the basis of REE profiles. We report evidence for a fluid enriched in Co, Cu, Pb, Sc, Sr, V, Cr, Nb, Ta, Sn, interpreted to be of "local" origin, e.g., well-equilibrated with the host formations, and a fluid rich in Li, F, Fe, Mn, W inferred to be of deep origin and related to biotite dehydration. The second fluid carried the metals (in particular Fe and Mn) necessary for wolframite deposition, which were not necessarily inherited from the wall rocks through fluid-rock interaction. Micrometer scale variations in tourmaline and rutile crystal-chemistry are indicative of pulsatory fluid input during tourmalinization.

中文翻译：

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Panasqueira（葡萄牙）的初期黑钨矿沉积：W 金红石和电气石组合物作为早期流体组合物的代表

导致Panasqueira钨沉积的主要事件与围岩的强烈电气石化密切相关。电气石与富含 W 的金红石（高达 8-10 18 wt% W）同时存在，这两种矿物都记录了 W 在系统中的早期引入，就在主要 W 沉积之前。通过 LA-ICP-MS 对金红石的铀-铅测年得出 305.2±5.7 Ma 的年龄，比在白云母上获得的 K-Ar 年龄 296.3±1.2 Ma 早 6-10 Ma，因此不是同时期的黑钨矿。电气石记录两个端元之间的流体混合中的主要和微量元素浓度变化，两者都被认为是基于 REE 剖面的变质推导。我们报告了富含 Co、Cu、Pb、Sc、Sr、V、Cr、Nb、Ta、Sn 的流体的证据，被解释为“本地”起源，例如，与主体地层平衡良好，并且富含 Li、F、Fe、Mn、W 的流体被推断为深层起源并与黑云母脱水有关。第二种流体携带黑钨矿沉积所必需的金属（特别是 Fe 和 Mn），这些金属不一定通过流体-岩石相互作用从围岩继承。电气石和金红石晶体化学的微米级变化表明电气石化过程中的脉动流体输入。