Sensory cues enable navigation through space, as they inform us about movement properties, such as the amount of travelled distance and the heading direction. In this study, we focused on the ability to spatially update one's position when only proprioceptive and vestibular information is available. We aimed to investigate the effect of yaw rotation on path integration across development in the absence of visual feedback. To this end, we utilized the triangle completion task: participants were guided through two legs of a triangle and asked to close the shape by walking along its third imagined leg. To test the influence of yaw rotation across development, we tested children between 6 and 11 years old (y.o.) and adults on their perceptions of angles of different degrees. Our results demonstrated that the amount of turn while executing the angle influences performance at all ages, and in some aspects, also interacted with age. Indeed, whilst adults seemed to adjust their heading towards the end of their walked path, younger children took less advantage of this strategy. The amount of disorientation the path induced also affected participants' full maturational ability to spatially navigate with no visual feedback. Increasing induced disorientation required children to be older to reach adult-level performance. Overall, these results provide novel insights on the maturation of spatial navigation-related processes.

感官提示可以使我们在空间中导航，因为它们可以告诉我们有关运动特性的信息，例如行进距离和前进方向的数量。在这项研究中，我们专注于只有本体感受和前庭信息可用时在空间上更新位置的能力。我们旨在研究在没有视觉反馈的情况下偏航旋转对整个开发过程中路径整合的影响。为此，我们利用了三角形完成任务：引导参与者穿过三角形的两条腿，并要求他们沿着想象中的第三条腿行走以闭合形状。为了测试偏航旋转对整个开发过程的影响，我们测试了6至11岁（yo）的儿童和成人对不同角度的感知能力。我们的结果表明，执行角度时的转弯量会影响所有年龄段的性能，并且在某些方面还与年龄相关。的确，虽然成年人似乎在步行路线的尽头调整自己的方向，但年幼的孩子却很少采用这种策略。路径引起的迷失方向的数量也影响了参与者在没有视觉反馈的情况下进行空间导航的完全成熟能力。越来越多的诱发迷失方向需要儿童长大才能达到成人水平的表现。总体而言，这些结果为空间导航相关过程的成熟提供了新颖的见解。年龄较小的孩子则较少采用这种策略。路径引起的迷失方向的数量也影响了参与者在没有视觉反馈的情况下进行空间导航的完全成熟能力。越来越多的诱发迷失方向需要儿童长大才能达到成人水平的表现。总体而言，这些结果为空间导航相关过程的成熟提供了新颖的见解。年龄较小的孩子则较少采用这种策略。路径引起的迷失方向的数量也影响了参与者在没有视觉反馈的情况下进行空间导航的完全成熟能力。越来越多的诱发迷失方向需要儿童长大才能达到成人水平的表现。总体而言，这些结果为空间导航相关过程的成熟提供了新颖的见解。