Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most frequently littered pieces of environmental wastes which are released both directly and indirectly into the environment and finally may reach aquatic environments and contaminate aquatic biomes. However, to date, there is no comprehensive review on the extent and magnitude of the potential effects of CBs on aquatic organisms. Hence, a systematic review of published studies was conducted in this paper to survey the fate of CBs in the aquatic environments and also the impacts of exposure to CBs on survival, growth, and reproduction of aquatic organisms. The gathered data showed that the leachates of CBs in the aquatic environment could extremely be toxic for various organisms and increasing the exposure time, increases the mortality rate. In addition, smoked filtered CBs with tobacco remnants have higher mortality rate compared to unsmoked filtered butts (USFs) for Hymenochirus curtipes, Clarias gariepinus, tidepool snails, Atherinops affinis and Pimephales promelas. The fate of CBs in the aquatic environments is affected by various factors, and prior to sinking they are floated for a long time (long distance). Hence, CBs and their associated toxic chemicals might be ingested by diverse aquatic organisms. However, further studies are necessary to understand the exact toxicity of CBs on different freshwater and marine organisms and also their fate in the aquatic media. The results of this review showed the essentiality of regulations to prevent the release of chemical and toxic compounds into the aquatic environments.

烟头（CBs）是最乱抛垃圾的环境废物，直接或间接地释放到环境中，最终可能到达水生环境并污染水生生物群落。但是，迄今为止，尚未对CB对水生生物的潜在影响的程度和程度进行全面审查。因此，本文对发表的研究进行了系统的综述，以调查水生环境中CB的命运以及接触CB对水生生物的存活，生长和繁殖的影响。收集的数据表明，水生环境中的CBs渗滤液可能对各种生物具有剧毒，并增加了暴露时间，增加了死亡率。此外，Hymenochirus curtipes，革胡子鲇，tidepool蜗牛，Atherinops慈和黑头软口鲦。水生环境中的CB的命运受到各种因素的影响，在沉没之前，它们会长时间漂浮（长距离）。因此，各种水生生物可能会摄入CB及其相关的有毒化学物质。但是，有必要进行进一步的研究以了解CB对不同的淡水和海洋生物的确切毒性，以及它们在水生介质中的命运。审查的结果表明，法规对于防止化学和有毒化合物释放到水生环境中至关重要。