1. OVERVIEW OF DIRECTIONAL PARTICLES IN CANTONESE: FORM, FUNCTION AND GRAMMATICALIZATION Traced back to verbs which denote direction and often referred to as directional complements in the literature, the twelve directional morphemes under investigation in Cantonese exhibit versatile usages. Despite that their number is small, the behaviors of this group of morphemes are heterogeneous. While most of them can be followed by a nominal which denotes location, hei2 起 ‘raise (something) up’ and hoi1 開 ‘move away’ cannot. Moreover, the grammaticalization paths that they have undergone are significantly different even for those of the antonymic pairs. While the directional meanings of all the morphemes have developed into abstract, non-directional and figurative meanings, only the meanings of some have evolved further to express the subjective evaluation of the speaker. The idiosyncrasies of this group of morphemes have attracted much attention from scholars. However, to this date, there is no systematic

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粤语中的定向助词：Winnie Chor 的形式、功能和语法化

1. 粤语方向分词概述：形式、功能和语法化 追溯到表示方向并在文献中通常称为方向补语的动词，正在研究的粤语中的十二个方向词素表现出多种用法。尽管它们的数量很少，但这组语素的行为是异质的。虽然它们中的大多数可以跟一个表示位置的名词，但 hei2 起 'raise (something) up' 和 hoi1 开 'move away' 不能。而且，即使是反义词对，它们所经历的语法化路径也有显着差异。虽然所有语素的方向意义都发展为抽象的、无方向的和比喻意义，只是某些意义进一步演变，表达了说话者的主观评价。这组语素的特性引起了学者们的广泛关注。但是，到目前为止，还没有系统的