ABSTRACT:

This paper aims to explain the development of the copula function of wei 为 and to show that wei in the "wei V" construction is a copula during preHan times, rather than a passive marker. Therefore, in essence, the "wei V" construction is a copula construction rather than a passive construction. In this analysis, we pay special attention to the "yi 以 X wei 为 Y" construction and draw the following conclusions: (1) the generalized copula function of wei derives from the "yi X wei Y" construction because of the disposal function of yi, and because wei absorbed the characteristics of the "yi X wei Y" construction. This conclusion is based on the observation that the unique features of wei as a copula are congruent with its function in the "yi X wei Y" construction, and that the change from "V yi wei" to "V wei" indicates that wei replaced "yi wei" to a certain degree. (2) "X wei V" is an alternative pattern of "yi X wei V" when a causer (C) does not appear in the same clause with wei. These observations are supported by the fact that "yi X wei V" and "X wei V" have the same (low) frequency, and are both very limited in their semantic range, and that their exchangeability does not have any influence on their semantics. (3) "Wei A V" is formed through the omission of yi in the "yi X wei A V" or, alternatively, through the addition of the agent A in "wei V", whereas "wei A (zhi) suo V" is the consequence of "A (zhi) suo V" replacing "A V" in "wei A V". Therefore, none of the wei constructions in pre-Qin should be regarded as syntactically functioning as passive constructions. Rather, "wei A suo V" became a common passive construction only in the Han dynasty.

摘要:

文章分析了"为"字功能的形成过程，并证明"为V"结构中的"为"应释为 系词，而非被动标记。因此，"为V"结构本质上是系词结构而非被动 结构。本文从分析"以X为Y"结构出发，得出以下结论 : (1) "为"的系 词功能来自于"以X为Y"结构，因为"以"的处置功能，及"为"吸收了 "以X为Y"结构的构式特征，其理据是"为"作为系词的功能特征和"以X 为Y"的构式特征有高度的吻合性，而且存在"V以为"省略为"V为"的明 显发展趋势。(2)当致使者不和"为"共现于同一个从句时，"X为V"是 "以X为V"的可替换项，理据是二者的使用频率均较低，语义范围均非 常有限，而且二者具有可互换性。(3)"为AV"可能是"以X为AV"省略 "以"而成，或者由"为V"添加A而成，而"为A(之)所V"则是"A(之)所 V"替代"为AV"中的"AV"而成。因此，先秦時期的"为"字式，从句法 上来说都不是被动式。"为A所V"在汉代成为了一个真正的被动式。

摘要：

本文旨在说明的Copula函数的发展魏为，并表明伟在“卫V”建设是一项系词期间preHan倍，而不是被动的标记。因此，从本质上讲，“ wei V”结构是一种系词结构，而不是被动结构。在此分析中，我们特别关注“ yi以X wei为Y”结构，得出以下结论：（1）wei的广义copula函数源自“ yi X wei Y”结构，因为yi , 因为wei吸收了“ yi X wei Y”结构的特点。这个结论是基于观察到wei作为连接词的独特特征与其在“ yi X wei Y”结构中的功能是一致的，并且从“V yi wei ”到“V wei ”的变化表明wei取代了“一味”到一定程度。(2) “X wei V”是“ yi X wei V”的另一种形式，当一个原因（C）没有出现在与wei相同的从句中时。义X卫V”和‘X卫V’具有相同的（低的）频率，并且两者都非常在它们的语义范围的限制，并且它们的可交换性不会对它们的语义任何影响。（3）‘卫AV’是通过在“ yi X wei A V”中省略yi，或者通过在“ wei V”中添加代理A而形成，而“ wei A（zhi）suo V”是“A（zhi）的结果” suo V”替换“ wei A V”中的“ A V”。因此，没有一个魏先秦结构在句法上应被视为被动结构。相反，“魏一锁V”成为一个普通的被动式建筑仅在汉代。

摘要：

文章分析了“字功能的形成过程，并证明“为V”结构中的“为”应为系词，而不是被动标记。，“为”为结构本质上是系词结构而不是本文从分析“以X为Y”结构出发，得出以下结论：（1）“为”的系词功能来自于“以X为Y”结构，因为“以”的爆炸功能，及”为“以X为Y”结构的构式特征，其理据是“为”系词的功能特征和“以X为Y”的构式特征有高度的声响性，而且存在“V以为” “省略为”的明显发展趋势。 (2)“为”当从显者不和“为”共于现同一个句时，“X为V”是“以X为V”的可替换项，理据(3)"以X为AV"或者"以"为“为V”添加了A，而“为A(之)所V”则是“A(之)所V”替代“为AV”中的“AV”。因此，先秦时期的“为” “为A所V”在汉代成为了一个真正的被动式。