Archaeological and epigraphic data have greatly increased our understanding of ancient Maya warfare in recent decades. Nevertheless, one of the aspects that has received relatively little attention is the disambiguation between the different types of wars waged. The procurement of human trophies as attested in the archaeological record and imagery, as well as the counts-of-captives and captive statements recorded textually, all provide tantalizing clues that raids formed an integral part of Classic Maya military tactics. This rings particularly true when we consider that the Classic Maya terms for “captive” and “bone” are one and the same, thereby betraying emic conceptions wherein captives were deemed to be an ideal source of bone; human trophiespar excellence. The features identified for the Classic Maya have to be set within a larger perspective since these are also found among other Mesoamerican cultures, as well as indigenous societies in both North and South America. In so doing, it becomes clear that raiding and the acquisition of captives and human trophies served to foster and heighten prestige, especially among societies that cultivated the warrior ethos. Therefore, raiding emerges as a shared Amerindian trait, rather than being the product of diffusion or independent innovation.

中文翻译：

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战术、奖杯和头衔：古代玛雅突袭的比较视角

近几十年来，考古和碑文数据极大地增加了我们对古代玛雅战争的了解。然而，相对较少关注的一个方面是消除不同类型战争之间的歧义。考古记录和图像中证明的人类战利品的采购，以及俘虏人数和俘虏陈述的文字记录，都提供了诱人的线索，表明袭击是玛雅经典军事战术的一个组成部分。当我们考虑到“俘虏”和“骨头”的经典玛雅术语是相同的时，这一点尤其正确，从而背叛了俘虏被认为是理想的骨头来源的流行概念；人类战利品出类拔萃. 为经典玛雅确定的特征必须在更大的视角下进行设置，因为这些特征也存在于其他中美洲文化以及北美和南美的土著社会中。通过这样做，很明显，突袭和获取俘虏和人类战利品有助于培养和提高声望，特别是在培养战士精神的社会中。因此，突袭成为美洲印第安人的共同特征，而不是扩散或自主创新的产物。