The Pampas of Argentina is a large grassland ecosystem located in the oriental region southern of South America. As a study case, we present the results of the paleoclimatic analysis of the Tixi Cave site. This is a paleontological and archeological locality that shows a long chronologic sequence, with radiocarbon dates ranging from the Late Pleistocene to historical times, and one of the best records of meso and microvertebrate fossils in South America. Paleoclimatic reconstruction was assayed using the Mutual Ecogeographic Range method. Ecological niche models were made for each of the living representatives of the fossil taxa reported at the site. Potential distribution areas were superimposed to perform the paleoclimatic inference and to infer the annual average temperature and the annual average precipitation. During the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (12,287 ± 212–11,609 ± 218 ca BP) and in the Middle-Holocene (5592 ± 79 ca BP), colder and drier climates appear in comparison to the present climate, the remaining of the Holocene (3496 ± 81–160 ± 120 ca BP) shows warmer and humid climates as compared to today’s climate conditions. Our results are in agreement with the paleoenvironmental inferences obtained by other proxies, such as deposition, paleosols, phytoliths, diatoms, ostracods, and pollen for Late Pleistocene -Holocene of the region, showing that the abundance of small mammals can accurately record the climatic fluctuations of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene in the Pampas of Argentina.

阿根廷的南美大草原是位于南美南部东方地区的大型草原生态系统。作为研究案例，我们介绍了Tixi洞穴遗址的古气候分析结果。这是一个古生物学和考古学的地方，显示出很长的时间序列，放射性碳的日期从晚更新世到历史时期不等，并且是南美中细化石和微脊椎动物化石的最好记录之一。古气候重建是通过相互生态地理范围法进行的。为现场报告的化石类群的每个活着的代表建立了生态位模型。叠加潜在的分布区域以进行古气候推断并推断年平均温度和年平均降水量。在更新世-全新世过渡（12,287±212–11,609±218 ca BP）和中全新世（5592±79 ca BP）期间，与目前的气候相比，出现了更冷和更干燥的气候，其余的则是全新世（3496） （±81–160±120 ca BP）与今天的气候条件相比，显示出更温暖和潮湿的气候。我们的结果与其他代理人的古环境推论相符，例如该地区晚更新世-全新世的沉积，古土壤，植物石器，硅藻，成骨龙和花粉，表明大量的小型哺乳动物可以准确地记录气候波动。阿根廷潘帕斯州晚更新世-全新世的历史。与今天的气候条件相比，全新世的其余部分（3496±81–160±120 ca BP）显示出温暖和潮湿的气候。我们的结果与其他代理人的古环境推论相符，例如该地区晚更新世-全新世的沉积，古土壤，植物石器，硅藻，成骨龙和花粉，表明大量的小型哺乳动物可以准确地记录气候波动。阿根廷潘帕斯州晚更新世-全新世的历史。与今天的气候条件相比，全新世的其余部分（3496±81–160±120 ca BP）显示出温暖和潮湿的气候。我们的结果与其他代理人的古环境推论相符，例如该地区晚更新世-全新世的沉积，古土壤，植物石器，硅藻，成骨龙和花粉，表明大量的小型哺乳动物可以准确地记录气候波动。阿根廷潘帕斯州晚更新世-全新世的历史。