With the large-scale development of urban underground space, foundation pit engineering has become one of the important geotechnical engineering topics in urban construction. In this paper, the effects of foundation pit excavation and precipitation on adjacent buildings are studied in detail. The main research work includes the following aspects: summarizing and analyzing the soil consolidation theory, foundation pit excavation, and precipitation process; the influencing factors of the adjacent soil layer displacement; the influence mechanism and influence types of foundation pit excavation and precipitation on adjacent buildings. The finite element model considering the whole process of foundation pit excavation is established, and the variation law of the upper layer displacement around the foundation pit is analyzed. The deformation law of the retaining structure, the calculation results of precipitation and nonprecipitation, and different excavation methods will be analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that the displacement of the soil layer around the foundation pit is also different between different excavation methods. As the distance between the foundation pits increases, the lateral displacement of the underground continuous wall near the frame structure gradually decreases. The distance from the foundation pit wall is 30 m. The maximum value of the lateral shift is reduced by 4.7% compared with 5 m. The foundation pit is studied, as well as the law of internal force variation of adjacent buildings caused by digging and precipitation, and checking the safety and adaptability of structural members. The calculation results show that a large additional internal force will be generated on the bottom floor of the adjacent building, and some structural members will be damaged by the bearing capacity.

中文翻译：

---

基坑开挖和降水对周围建筑物沉降的影响

随着城市地下空间的大规模发展，基坑工程已成为城市建设中重要的岩土工程主题之一。本文详细研究了基坑开挖和降水对邻近建筑物的影响。主要研究工作包括以下几个方面：总结和分析土壤固结理论，基坑开挖和降水过程。邻近土层位移的影响因素；基坑开挖和降水对邻近建筑物的影响机理和影响类型。建立了考虑基坑开挖全过程的有限元模型，分析了基坑周围上层位移的变化规律。将分析和比较挡土结构的变形规律，降水和非降水的计算结果以及不同的开挖方法。计算结果表明，不同开挖方法对基坑周围土层的位移也不同。随着基坑之间的距离增加，靠近框架结构的地下连续墙的侧向位移逐渐减小。距基坑墙的距离为30 m。与5 m相比，横向位移的最大值降低了4.7％。研究了基坑，以及由于挖掘和降水引起的相邻建筑物的内力变化规律，并检查了结构构件的安全性和适应性。