Few studies have examined the differences between immigrant and native‐born homeless populations. Our aim was to conduct an exploratory study to examine the differences in health status, health behaviour and healthcare utilisation in a sample of Spanish immigrant and native homeless people. Study was conducted in eight different temporary accommodations in the Valencia region in August 2018. Overall, 86 participants were included in the analysis who answered questionnaires concerning socio‐demographic characteristics, immigration status, health status and behaviour, healthcare utilisation and experienced discrimination in healthcare and health literacy. In total, 76.7% were men with a mean age of 41.91 (14.17) years, with 60.4% having immigration background with an average of 4.8 (4.2) years since arrival in Spain. No differences were found in the subjective health status, however, native homeless participants reported significantly higher prevalence of heart disease (87.5% vs. 12.5%), hypertension (84.6% vs. 15.4%), psychological illness (63.6% vs. 36.4%) and were also more often smokers (73.5% vs. 28.8%), reported smoking more cigarettes per day (12.0 vs. 7.4) and were more often illegal drug users (17.6% vs. 2.0%). Immigrant participants were significantly more often not insured, reported more problems in healthcare access and had lower rates of visits to general practitioners and less hospital admissions. Differences were also observed in social status with the native homeless more often reporting receiving income, and living in less crowded accommodations. Our results show a variety of issues that the immigrant homeless population in Spain is confronted with that also prevents adequate social inclusion and achieving good health. However, the immigrant population engaged less often in risky health behaviour. More, and continuous, monitoring of social, mental and physical health of the homeless population is necessary. Public health interventions aiming at health promotion in the immigrant homeless populations need to focus on increasing overall social integration.

中文翻译：

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西班牙移民和当地无家可归者在健康状况、健康行为和医疗保健利用方面的差异：一项探索性研究

很少有研究考察移民和本土出生的无家可归者之间的差异。我们的目的是进行一项探索性研究，以检查西班牙移民和本地无家可归者样本在健康状况、健康行为和医疗保健利用方面的差异。研究于 2018 年 8 月在瓦伦西亚地区的八个不同的临时住所进行。 总体而言，86 名参与者被纳入分析，他们回答了关于社会人口特征、移民身份、健康状况和行为、医疗保健利用以及在医疗保健和医疗保健方面遭受歧视的问卷调查。健康素养。总共有 76.7% 是男性，平均年龄为 41.91 (14.17) 岁，60.4% 有移民背景，抵达西班牙后平均 4.8 (4.2) 年。在主观健康状况方面没有发现差异，然而，本地无家可归的参与者报告心脏病（87.5% 对 12.5%）、高血压（84.6% 对 15.4%）、心理疾病（63.6% 对 36.4%）的患病率明显更高) 并且更经常吸烟（73.5% 对 28.8%），报告每天吸烟更多（12.0 对 7.4）并且更经常是非法吸毒者（17.6% 对 2.0%）。移民参与者通常没有保险，报告在医疗保健方面存在更多问题，全科医生就诊率较低，入院率较低。在社会地位方面也观察到了差异，本地无家可归者更多地报告有收入，并且住在不那么拥挤的住所。我们的研究结果表明，西班牙的移民无家可归者面临的各种问题也阻碍了充分的社会包容和实现良好的健康。然而，移民人口较少参与危险的健康行为。有必要对无家可归者的社会、心理和身体健康进行更多、持续的监测。旨在促进移民无家可归人口健康的公共卫生干预措施需要侧重于提高整体社会融合。