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The urban–rural divide in radical right populist support: the role of resident’s characteristics, urbanization trends and public service supply
The Annals of Regional Science ( IF 1.709 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01046-1
Jonna Rickardsson

In a number of recent elections in Western Europe, support for far-right populist parties has been significantly higher in non-urban areas than in urban areas. This paper answers the following questions; (1) Can the urban–rural divide in voting behavior be explained by the fact that urban and non-urban populations differ in terms of education, income and other individual characteristics of voters, or by variations in immigration? (2) Can variations in public service supply explain parts of the urban–rural divide in far-right populist support? and (3) How does population growth and public services relate to voting behavior when examining urban and rural municipalities separately? The analyses combine survey data on individual characteristics and register data aggregated on municipalities. The results in this paper suggest that voter characteristics and immigration explain a substantial part of the urban–rural divide. However, the propensity to vote for a far-right populist party is still higher in regions with lower population growth even when controlling for individual characteristics and immigration. When considering public service supply, the urban–rural divide is further weakened. The propensity to vote for a far-right party decreases with higher public service supply and higher share of immigrants. The findings in this paper thereby support the hypothesis that individuals in shrinking areas with lower access to public services are likely to respond to the deterioration of their location by casting a vote on the far-right (i.e., protest voting).



中文翻译:

激进的民粹主义支持中的城乡差距:居民特征,城市化趋势和公共服务供给的作用

在最近的西欧大选中,非城市地区对极右翼民粹主义政党的支持大大高于城市地区。本文回答以下问题;(1)可以通过以下事实来解释投票行为的城乡差异:城市人口和非城市人口在选民的教育,收入和其他个人特征方面存在差异,还是在移民方面有所差异?(2)公共服务供给的变化是否可以解释极右翼民粹主义支持中城乡差距的一部分?(3)分别检查城乡时,人口增长和公共服务与投票行为有何关系?这些分析结合了有关个人特征的调查数据并结合了市政当局的汇总数据。本文的结果表明,选民的特征和移民可以解释城乡差距的很大一部分。但是,即使控制个人特征和移民,在人口增长较低的地区,投票支持极右翼民粹主义政党的意愿仍然较高。考虑公共服务供给时,城乡差距进一步缩小。随着公共服务供应的增加和移民份额的增加,投票支持极右翼政党的倾向会降低。因此,本文的研究结果支持以下假设,即在人口稀少地区而公共服务较少的个人可能会通过对极右翼进行投票(即抗议投票)来应对其位置的恶化。在人口增长较低的地区,即使控制个人特征和移民,投票支持极右翼民粹主义的倾向仍然较高。考虑公共服务供给时,城乡差距进一步缩小。随着公共服务供应的增加和移民份额的增加,投票支持极右翼政党的倾向会降低。因此,本文的研究结果支持以下假设,即在人口稀少地区而公共服务机会较少的人们可能会通过对极右翼进行投票(即抗议投票)来应对其位置的恶化。在人口增长较低的地区,即使控制个人特征和移民,投票支持极右翼民粹主义的倾向仍然较高。考虑公共服务供给时,城乡差距进一步缩小。随着公共服务供应的增加和移民份额的增加,投票支持极右翼政党的倾向会降低。因此,本文的研究结果支持以下假设,即在人口稀少地区而公共服务机会较少的人们可能会通过对极右翼进行投票(即抗议投票)来应对其位置的恶化。城乡差距进一步缩小。随着公共服务供应的增加和移民份额的增加,投票支持极右翼政党的倾向会降低。因此,本文的研究结果支持以下假设,即在人口稀少地区而公共服务机会较少的人们可能会通过对极右翼进行投票(即抗议投票)来应对其位置的恶化。城乡差距进一步缩小。随着公共服务供应的增加和移民份额的增加,投票支持极右翼政党的倾向会降低。因此,本文的研究结果支持以下假设,即在人口稀少地区而公共服务机会较少的人们可能会通过对极右翼进行投票(即抗议投票)来应对其位置的恶化。

更新日期:2021-02-15
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