Abstract

In this article, we investigate whether academic technology-based knowledge crosses university boundaries or remains trapped inside the ivory tower. To do so, we rely on a matched sample approach to compare the spillovers generated by academic and firm patents using measures that take into account knowledge spilling-in and knowledge spilling-out of academia. Although it is true that knowledge exchanges among universities may inflate the overall spillovers of university patents vis-à-vis firm patents, our results indicate that university patents generate more spillovers than a comparable sample of matched corporate patents, even when knowledge flows among universities are not regarded as spillovers. This suggests that, in our sample, firm technologies more frequently rely on academic patents than on technologies from other corporations. In addition, we find that the gap between university and industry spillovers differs across industries, with industries where patents are important for appropriating returns from R&D (i.e. more economically valuable), such as drugs, presenting a smaller gap than in industries with complex technologies (where firms have strong incentives to patent aggressively), such as computers. Finally, we show that industry patents generate more spillovers locally and that academic knowledge spillovers are less geographically localized than those of corporate research.

中文翻译：

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学术溢出还是溢出？检查大学专利的知识溢出

摘要

在本文中，我们研究了基于学术技术的知识是否跨越了大学的界限或仍然被困在象牙塔内。为此，我们采用匹配样本方法，使用考虑到学术界的知识外溢和知识外溢的措施，比较学术和公司专利产生的外溢。尽管大学之间的知识交流确实可以使大学专利相对于公司专利的整体溢出增加，但我们的结果表明，即使在大学之间知识流向的情况下，大学专利也比相匹配的公司专利产生了更多的溢出。不被视为溢出。这表明，在我们的样本中，公司技术比其他公司的技术更频繁地依赖学术专利。此外，我们发现，大学与产业溢出之间的差距在各个行业之间是不同的，其中专利对于从研发中获得收益（即更具经济价值）很重要的行业（例如药品），其差距要小于技术复杂的行业（企业拥有专利的行业）。积极地鼓励专利的动机），例如计算机。最后，我们证明了行业专利在本地产生了更多的溢出，并且学术知识的溢出在地理位置上比公司研究的溢出少。与计算机等具有复杂技术的行业（公司具有积极地申请专利的强烈动机）相比，与其他行业相比，该产品的差距更小。最后，我们证明了行业专利在本地产生了更多的溢出，并且学术知识的溢出在地理位置上比公司研究的溢出少。与计算机等具有复杂技术的行业（公司具有积极地申请专利的强烈动机）相比，与其他行业相比，该产品的差距更小。最后，我们证明了行业专利在本地产生了更多的溢出，并且学术知识的溢出在地理位置上比公司研究的溢出少。