Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome with a high incidence and a weighty economic burden. The cytokines storm in the early stage and the state of immunosuppression in the late stage contribute to the mortality of sepsis. Immune checkpoints expressed on lymphocytes and APCs, including CD28, CTLA-4, CD80, CD86, PD-1 and PD-L1, CD40 and CD40L, OX40 and OX40L, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL, BTLA, TIM family, play significant roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis through regulating the immune disorder. The specific therapies targeting immune checkpoints exhibit great potentials in the animal and preclinical studies, and further clinical trials are planning to implement. Here, we review the current literature on the roles played by immune checkpoints in the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis. We hope to provide further insights into this novel immunomodulatory strategy.

摘要

脓毒症是一种危及生命的综合征，发病率高，经济负担沉重。早期的细胞因子风暴和晚期的免疫抑制状态有助于脓毒症的死亡率。在淋巴细胞和 APC 上表达的免疫检查点，包括 CD28、CTLA-4、CD80、CD86、PD-1 和 PD-L1、CD40 和 CD40L、OX40 和 OX40L、4-1BB 和 4-1BBL、BTLA、TIM 家族，发挥重要作用通过调节免疫紊乱在脓毒症的发病机制中发挥作用。针对免疫检查点的特定疗法在动物和临床前研究中表现出巨大潜力，并且正在计划实施进一步的临床试验。在这里，我们回顾了当前关于免疫检查点在脓毒症发病机制和治疗中所起作用的文献。